芳香族硝基炸药感度和安定性的量子化学研究——Ⅰ.苯胺类硝基衍生物

运用 HMO 和 CNDO/2方法,研究了二十多种苯胺类硝基衍生物的安定性.随着分子中 C—NO_2键级的增大,其撞击感度减小、热安定性增强.以孤立双键为参考基准的离域能判据,不能反映分子中基团位置对稳定性的影响;它的运用只能局限在基团相互位置影响不大的共轭体系中.作为本系列化合物安定性的判据,C—NO_2键级较通常的离域能更为适用和直观;C—NO_2键级判据也符合炸药起爆和热分解机理,且与 Delpuech 的△C/l 判据相一致.     

电导滴定法测定镍的含量

由电导滴定法确定终点，在氨性介质中用丁二酮肟乙醇溶液滴定镍的含量，采用硫脲掩蔽Cu(Ⅱ），用H2O2将Mn（Ⅱ），Co(Ⅱ）氧化成Mn(Ⅳ）和Co(Ⅲ）消除干扰，其它金属离子对测定没有干扰，此法的测定结果与丁二酮肟重量法接近，且不受溶液的颜色、浊度的影响，具有准确、快速、干扰少的特点，适用于化学镀镍溶液，电镀镍和镍合金中镍的测定。     

F Cl_2→ClF Cl和Cl′F Cl→Cl′ ClF的反应机理

用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法,取6-311G基组,计算研究了F＋Cl2→ClF＋Cl的反应机理.求得1个线形和2个三角形过渡态,反应能垒分别为1.24、46.37和105.09kJ·mol－1;同时发现F以∠FClCl为10～20°（或120～160°）进攻Cl2时,反应无能垒.此外,求得对称反应Cl′F＋Cl→Cl′＋ClF的能垒为40.57kJ·mol－1的1个过渡态.     

Investigation on the mechanism and applications of the reaction Cl_2+2HBr=2HCl+Br_2

The mechanism of reaction CI2+2HBr=2HCI+Br2 has been carefully investigated with density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-311G** level. A series of three-centred and four-centred transition states have been obtained. The activation energy (138.96 and 147.24 kJ/mol, respectively) of two bimolecular elementary reactions CI2+HBr→HCI+BrCI and BrCI+HBr→HCI+Br2 is smaller than the dissociation energy of CI2, HBr and BrCI, indicating that it is favorable for the title reaction occurring in the bimolecular form. The reaction has been applied to the chemical engineering process of recycling Br2 from HBr. Gaseous CI2 directly reacts with HBr gas, which produces gaseous mixtures containing Br2, and liquid Br2 and HCI are obtained by cooling the mixtures and further separated by absorption with CCI4. The recovery percentage of Br2 is more than 96%, and the CI2 remaining in liquid Br2 is less than 3.0%. The paper provides a good example of solving the difficult problem in chemical engineering with basic theory.     

Quantitative Correlation of the Acute Toxicity of Phenylthio-carboxylates with Their Structural and Thermodynamic Parameters by DFT Calculation

1 INTRODUCTION As industrial raw materials and pesticide, thio-ether, sulfoxide and sulfone have been used moreand more extensively. On the other hand, they havealso attracted chemists’ much attention due to theirpotential environmental hazards. Quantitative struc-ture-activity relationship (QSAR) is an effective me-thod evaluating the hazards of organic chemicals[1].QSAR equation could be employed to forecast thebiological activity of unknown compounds, which issignificant for initia…     

新型多甲氧基取代二苯醚类化合物的合成

以碘化亚铜为催化剂,Cs2CO3为碱,甲氧基取代苯酚(1)和甲氧基取代碘苯通过偶联反应形成C-O-C键,合成了27个新型的多甲氧基取代二苯醚类化合物,其结构经1H NMR和IR表征。最佳合成条件为:1 1.0mmol,CuI 0.10 mmol,Cs2CO32.0 mmol,DMF为溶剂,N2保护下于130℃下回流反应16 h。在最佳反应条件下,收率37%~94%。     

FT-IR, Raman and NMR Spectra, Molecular Geometry, Vibrational Assignments, ab initio and Density Functional Theory Calculations for Diethyl Phthalate

Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) possess endocrine disruptive effects and can produce reproductive and developmental toxicities. In this paper, both experimental and theoretical studies on FT-IR, Raman and 1H NMR spectra of diethyl phthalate (DEP) have been carried out. The geometrical structure of DEP was optimized at the HF/6-31G*, HF/6-311G**, B3LYP/6-31G*, and B3LYP/6-311G** levels, respectively. The harmonic vibrational frequencies, IR intensity, Raman activity and 1H NMR chemical shifts have been computed at the B3LYP/6-31G* and B3LYP/6-311G** levels. Anharmonic corrections to frequencies were obtained by means of second-order perturbation theory (PT2) at the B3LYP/6-31G* level. Based on potential energy distribution (PED), the vibrational assignments have also been performed. The theoretical calculation values were compared with the experimental observations and the results indicate they are in excellent agreement.     

二氨基二硝基乙烯结构和性质的理论研究

对三种二氨基二硝基乙烯同分异构体进行了HF/6-31G^*^*水平、DFT-B3LYP/6-31G^*^*水平的几何全优化以及MP2/6-31G^*^*//HF-6-31G^*^*水平的总能量计算。结果表明,1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(Ⅰ)总能量比顺式(Ⅱ)和反式(Ⅲ)1,2-二氨基-1,2-二硝基乙烯的总能量低,即热力学稳定性次序为Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ。分子的共轭性和分子内氢键的强度次序为Ⅰ≈Ⅲ>Ⅱ,前沿轨道能级差次序为Ⅰ>Ⅱ>Ⅲ,也均表明(Ⅰ)最稳定。此外还计算研究了标题物的红外光谱;化合物Ⅰ的理论计算与实验值良好相符。在此基础上计算研究了标题物的热力学性质。