Modulation of brain functional connectivity with manual acupuncture in healthy subjects: An electroencephalograph case studying

Manual acupuncture is widely used for pain treatment and stress control. Previous studies on acupuncture have shown its modulatory effects on functional connectivity associated with one or a few preselected brain regions. To investigate how manual acupuncture modulates the organization of functional networks at a whole-brain level, we acupuncture at ST36 of right leg to obtain electroencephalograph (EEG) signals. By coherence estimation, we determine the synchronizations between all pairwise combinations of EEG channels in three acupuncture states. The resulting synchronization matrices are converted into functional networks by applying a threshold, and clustering coefficients and path lengths are computed as a function of threshold. The results show that acupuncture can increase functional connections and synchronizations between different brain areas. For a wide range of threshold, the clustering coefficient during acupuncture and post-acupuncture period is higher than that during the pre-acupuncture control period, whereas characteristic path length is shorter. We provide further support for the presence of "small-world" network characteristics in functional networks by acupuncture. These preliminary results highlight the beneficial modulations of functional connectivity by manual acupuncture, which could contribute to the understanding of acupuncture effects on the entire brain, as well as the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying acupuncture. Moreover, the proposed method may be a useful approach to the further investigation of the complexity of patterns of interrelations between EEG channels.     

晶体相场方法模拟纳米孪晶结构

应用双模晶体相场模型,模拟共格纳米孪晶结构.结果表明:球状晶粒生长成的共格孪晶片层,在共格面上的原子排列有变形,容易出现位错;条状晶粒凝固生长成的共格孪晶界,比用球状晶粒长大生成的共格孪晶界的原子排列整齐.应用晶体相场模型,可以精确计算纳米孪晶带的厚度,设计和控制带内的原子层数,实现人工操纵纳米共格孪晶片层结构,指导实验研究纳米孪晶结构及其与性能的关系.     

Spiking patterns of a hippocampus model in electric fields

We develop a model of CA3 neurons embedded in a resistive array to mimic the effects of electric fields from a new perspective. Effects of DC and sinusoidal electric fields on firing patterns in CA3 neurons are investigated in this study. The firing patterns can be switched from no firing pattern to burst or from burst to fast periodic firing pattern with the increase of DC electric field intensity. It is also found that the firing activities are sensitive to the frequency and amplitude of the sinusoidal electric field. Different phase-locking states and chaotic firing regions are observed in the parameter space of frequency and amplitude. These findings are qualitatively in accordance with the results of relevant experimental and numerical studies. It is implied that the external or endogenous electric field can modulate the neural code in the brain. Furthermore, it is helpful to develop control strategies based on electric fields to control neural diseases such as epilepsy.     

Using Reduced Graphene Oxide to Generate Q-Switched Pulses in Er-Doped Fiber Laser

Using the reduced graphene oxide(rGO) as a saturable absorber(SA) in an Er-doped fiber(EDF) laser cavity,we obtain the Q-switching operation. The rGO SA is prepared by depositing the GO on fluorine mica(FM) using the thermal reduction method. The modulation depth of rGO/FM is measured to be 3.2%. By incorporating the rGO/FM film into the EDF laser cavity, we obtain stable Q-switched pulses. The shortest pulse duration is3.53 μs, and the maximum single pulse energy is 48.19 nJ. The long-term stability of working is well exhibited.The experimental results show that the rGO possesses potential photonics applications.     

Reduced graphene oxide as saturable absorbers for erbium-doped passively mode-locked fiber laser

We demonstrate a nanosecond mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser(EDFL)based on a reduced graphene oxide(RGO)saturable absorber(SA).The RGO SA is prepared by depositing the graphene oxide(GO)on fluorine mica through thermal reduction of GO.A scanning electron microscope(SEM),Raman spectrometer,and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)are adopted to analyze the RGO characteristics.The results show that the reduction degree of graphene oxide is very high.By embedding the RGO SA into the EDFL cavity,a stable mode-locked fiber laser is achieved with a central wavelength of 1567.29 nm and repetition rate of 12.66 MHz.The maximum output power and the minimum pulse duration are measured to be 18.22 mW and 1.38 ns respectively.As far as we know,the maximum output power of18.22 mW is higher than those of other nanosecond mode-locked oscillators reported.Such a nanosecond pulse duration and megahertz repetition rate make this mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser a suitable seed oscillator for high-power applications and chirped pulse amplifications.     

Parkinsonian oscillations and their suppression by closed-loop deep brain stimulation based on fuzzy concept

This paper provides an adaptive closed-loop strategy for suppressing the pathological oscillations of the basal ganglia based on a variable universe fuzzy algorithm. The pathological basal ganglia oscillations in the theta (4-9 Hz) and beta (12-35 Hz) frequency bands have been demonstrated to be associated with the tremor and rigidity/bradykinesia symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the clinical application of open-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective, the stimulation waveform with the fixed parameters cannot be self-adjusted as the disease progresses, and thus the stimulation effects go poor. To deal with this difficult problem, a variable universe fuzzy closed-loop strategy is proposed to modulate different PD states. We establish a cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical network model to simulate pathological oscillations and test the control effect. The results suggest that the proposed closed-loop control strategy can accommodate the variation of brain states and symptoms, which may become an alternative method to administrate the symptoms in PD.     

耦合小世界神经网络的随机共振

噪声广泛存在于生物神经系统中,对系统功能具有重要作用.采用神经元二维映射模型构建一个复杂神经网络,由多个小世界子网络构成,研究了Gaussian白噪声诱导的随机共振现象.研究发现,只有合适的噪声强度才能使神经网络对输入刺激信号的频率响应达到峰值.另外,网络结构对系统随机共振特性有重要影响.在固定的耦合强度下,存在一个最优的局部小世界子网络结构,使得整个系统的频率响应最佳.     

MPI-环和半局部环的等价条件

§1.MPI-环的结构和性质本文中的环均指有单位元的交换环。设R是环,SpecR是R的所有素理想的集合按照Zariski拓扑作成的拓扑空间,称之为R的素谱空间,其闭集和开集分别为     

基于枝化多肽的多功能药物递送系统用于肿瘤细胞核的精准靶向治疗

为了改善在肿瘤治疗过程中,药物载体靶向性差和药物靶点定位效率低等不足,设计了一种能精准靶向肿瘤细胞核,将药物高效递送至作用靶点的多功能纳米载药体系.利用具有细胞核定位能力的两亲性枝化多肽包载化疗药物阿霉素(DOX)形成载药纳米胶束DD,并通过静电作用将具有肿瘤靶向功能的透明质酸(HA)包覆在DD表面,得到具有靶向肿瘤细胞核能力的纳米药物HDD.HA的存在赋予了HDD对肿瘤的靶向功能和电荷屏蔽能力,可增加体系的稳定性,延长其血液循环时间,降低正常组织和细胞对HDD的非特异性摄取,实现其在肿瘤部位的特异性富集和肿瘤细胞的高效摄取.进入肿瘤细胞后,HA层的降解有利于纳米胶束DD在多肽的核定位作用下精准、快速地将DOX递送至细胞核,最终实现高效的肿瘤抑制效果.     

S-(-)-α-苯乙胺分子印迹聚合物的制备及性能

以S-(-)-α-苯乙胺为模板,甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,分别以二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、二乙烯基苯为交联剂,偶氮二异丁睛或二苯甲酮为引发剂,采用本体聚合法、悬浮聚合法合成了一系列S-(-)-α-苯乙胺印迹聚合物。利用紫外光谱、平衡结合实验、Scatchard模型等系统地探讨了影响聚合物性能的各种因素。结果表明:悬浮聚合法制备的聚合物性能略优于本体聚合的,其吸附量差别在10%~30%;印迹聚合物对于S-(-)-α-苯乙胺及其结构类似物苯乙酮的分离因子均大于1,最大达到2.86。将印迹聚合物用于α-苯乙胺外消旋体的拆分,分离度达到1.93。