对食品中铝含量国标测定方法的改进

对国标GB/T 5009.182-2003中样品处理方法做了改进,用干法灰化代替湿法消解,解决了国标方法中由于pH值和高氯酸对显色反应的影响造成检测结果不准确的问题.采用干法灰化-分光光度法测定了食品中的铝含量,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.6%(n=6),回收率为94.3%～100.7%.该方法适用于大批量食品中铝的快速检测.     

数列中的奇葩——即时定义数列问题赏析

近几年来,全国各地的高考题及模拟题等,注重考察学生综合能力的即时定义题成了热点题型.这类题型的特点是,要求学生在短时间内通过阅读理解、学习迁移,对新的概念、定理、公式和法则等进行即时性的学习,并能独立的从不同角度运用它们作进一步的运算、推理、提炼、加工,进而解决有关的新问题.这是对考生学会学习、学会思考的能力的全方位考查,提升了对能力考查的力度、深度与广度.而其中的数列问题,可谓数列中的奇葩,现归纳赏析如下.     

Annealing effect on magnetic anisotropy in ultrathin（Ga,Mn）As

We investigated the effect of low temperature annealing on magnetic anisotropy in 7-nm ultrathin Ga0.94Mn0.06As devices by measuring the angle-dependent planar Hall resistance(PHR).Obvious hysteresis loops were observed during the magnetization reversal through the clockwise and counterclockwise rotations under low magnetic fields(below 1000 Gs,1 Gs = 10-4 T),which can be explained by competition between Zeeman energy and magnetic anisotropic energy.It is found that the uniaxial anisotropy is dominant in the whole measured ferromagnetic range for both the as-grown ultrathin Ga0.94Mn0.06As and the annealed one.The cubic anisotropy changes more than the uniaxial anisotropy in the measured temperature ranges after annealing.This gives a useful way to tune the magnetic anisotropy of ultrathin(Ga,Mn)As devices.     

云层对卫星遥感大气CO的影响与修正方法研究

研究云层对卫星遥感大气CO精度的影响,并以SCIAMACHY观测为例,详细论述一种云层影响的修正方法。修正过程中,采用朗伯云模型,全面考虑云层覆盖率、云顶高度和地面反射率的影响。将云层影响修正前后的卫星CO反演结果与地基FTIR测量值进行对比,发现修正云层影响后,两者的测量相关性明显提高。实验结果表明,提出的云层影响修正方法可明显提高卫星遥感大气CO的精度。     

基于准分子激光器火焰中OH自由基测量技术研究

介绍了利用XeCl准分子激光器作为光源,测量酒精喷灯火焰中OH自由基浓度的实验方法与结果分析。以XeCl准分子激光器作为光源,采用Herriott结构多次反射池扩展光程至2 560 m,利用酒精喷灯作为OH自由基发生器,使用光谱分辨率为3.3 pm的高分辨中阶梯光栅光谱仪作为光谱采集系统。详细描述了应用不包含etaloning结构的XeCl准分子激光器作为光源的原因,如何去除XeCl准分子激光器反应腔腔体中的水汽干扰等。选取308.145～308.175 nm波段范围对OH自由基浓度进行了反演,并与利用氙灯作为光源测量酒精喷灯中OH自由基浓度的结果进行了对比。     

Linear polarization conversion of transmitted terahertz wave with double-layer meta-grating surfaces

In this Letter, we demonstrate a linear polarization conversion of transmitted terahertz wave with double-layer meta-grating surfaces, which integrated the frequency selectivity of a split ring resonator metasurface and the polarization selectivity of a metallic grating surface. Since the double-layer can reduce the loss, and the Fabry–Perot like resonant effect between the two layers can improve the conversion efficiency, this converter can rotate the incident y-polarized terahertz wave into an x-polarized transmitted wave with relatively low loss and high efficiency. Experimental results show that an average conversion efficiency exceeding 75% from 0.25 to 0.65 THz with the highest efficiency of 90% at 0.43 THz with only-2 dB loss has been achieved.     

Structure and switching of single-stranded DNA tethered to a charged nanoparticle surface

Using a molecular theory, we investigate the temperature-dependent self-assembly of single-stranded DNA(ss DNA)tethered to a charged nanoparticle surface. Here the size, conformations, and charge properties of ss DNA are taken into account. The main results are as follows: i) when the temperature is lower than the critical switching temperature, the ss DNA will collapse due to the existence of electrostatic interaction between ss DNA and charged nanoparticle surface; ii)for the short ss DNA chains with the number of bases less than 10, the switching of ss DNA cannot happen, and the critical temperature does not exist; iii) when the temperature increases, the electrostatic attractive interaction between ss DNA and charged nanoparticle surface becomes weak dramatically, and ss DNA chains will stretch if the electrostatic attractive interaction is insufficient to overcome the elastic energy of ss DNA and the electrostatic repulsion energy. These findings accord well with the experimental observations. It is predicted that the switching of ss DNA will not happen if the grafting densities are too high.     

The most common friend first immunization

In this paper, a standard susceptible-infected-recovered-susceptible(SIRS) epidemic model based on the Watts–Strogatz(WS) small-world network model and the Barabsi–Albert(BA) scale-free network model is established, and a new immunization scheme — "the most common friend first immunization" is proposed, in which the most common friend's node is described as being the first immune on the second layer protection of complex networks. The propagation situations of three different immunization schemes — random immunization, high-risk immunization, and the most common friend first immunization are studied. At the same time, the dynamic behaviors are also studied on the WS small-world and the BA scale-free network. Moreover, the analytic and simulated results indicate that the immune effect of the most common friend first immunization is better than random immunization, but slightly worse than high-risk immunization. However,high-risk immunization still has some limitations. For example, it is difficult to accurately define who a direct neighbor in the life is. Compared with the traditional immunization strategies having some shortcomings, the most common friend first immunization is effective, and it is nicely consistent with the actual situation.     

Transverse Zeeman background correction method for air mercury measurement

By utilizing a natural mercury lamp, the transverse Zeeman background correction method, which is used for trace mercury measurement in air, is studied. In this paper, a natural mercury lamp is used as a light source, and is placed in a 1.78-T magnetic field. The lamp emits two linearly polarized light beams σ± and π of 253.65-nm resonance line, which are used as bias light and absorbing light, respectively. A polarization modulation system is used to allow σ± and π light beams to pass through alternately with a certain frequency. A multipath optical cell with 12-m optical path is used to increase optical distance. Based on the system described above, the influence caused by UV absorbing gases, such as NO2, SO2, acetone, benzene, and O3, is analyzed. The results show that it may reduce the detection limit when the concentrations of these gases exceed 83.4 ppm, 20.3 ppm, 142.3 ppm, 0.85 ppm, and 0.55 ppm, respectively. The detection limit of the system is calculated and can achieve up to 1.44 ng/m3 in 10 minutes. Measurements on mercury sample gas and air are carded out, and the measured data are compared with the data of RA-915 mercury analyzer （Russia）. The result shows that the correlation coefficient reaches up to 0.967. The experimental results indicate that the transverse Zeeman background correction method can be used to quantify trace mercury in air with high-precision.     

外场形式对超冷原子-多聚物分子转化效率的影响

通过改变激光场Rabi频率和原子-多聚物分子耦合强度, 探索了外场形式对超冷原子-多聚物分子转化效率的影响. 首先通过定义时间指数, 对文献所给出的外场做出改进, 讨论了时间指数对转化效率的影响; 然后选取一种更优化的外场形式, 其具有很好的参数鲁棒性, 该外场作用下的绝热过程几乎不存在振荡, 其绝热保真度接近于1, 系统误差较小, 可以稳定、高效地实现超冷原子-多聚物分子的转化. 关键词： 超冷多聚物分子 转化效率 外场形式 绝热保真度