基于软X射线光谱的锂电池材料的电子结构与演变的研究进展

开发新型高能量密度以及低成本的锂离子电池, 是有效应对能源危机和环境挑战的可行路径之一. 锂离子电池材料的电子结构与电子态的演化决定了材料诸多本征性质以及电池综合性能. 探测并操控电极材料电子态的演化对探求电极反应的物理机理、 促进电池材料发展具有重要意义. 基于同步辐射的软X射线光谱技术可以直接探测费米能级附近的电子态. 本文从阴阳离子氧化还原反应的不同角度对利用软X射线光谱对电子态演变的研究进行了总结, 获得了电极材料电化学循环过程中过渡金属与氧的电子态演化信息, 系统阐述并总结了不同锂离子电池材料中电子态的演化以及氧化还原反应机理的最新研究进展.     

声学悬浮泥沙浓度估计

讨论了声学悬浮泥沙浓度估计方法,获得了两种泥沙浓度估计的方法.第1种是曲线拟合法,根据声反向散射原理,提出声学方法得到的浓度M(r)和6点法得到的浓度M₀(r)间的拟合因子K₁(r)是距离r的高次幂函数,采用最小二乘法,使M(r)与M₀(r)在整个水深上的差值最小,确定出高次幂曲线中的待定系数.方法对水中悬浮物引起的声吸收系数未加任何限制.第2种方法是递推拟合法,采用6点法的M₀(r)作为初始条件和判定条件,对递推过程加了合理的约束条件,递推过程稳定.大量试验数据分析表明,第1种方法的误差小于第2种方法,但是第2种方法不但可得到泥沙浓度估计,还可得到声波的吸收系数.两种方法均已取得良好的应用成果.     

Acoustic estimation of suspended sediment concentration

In this paper, the acoustic estimation of suspended sediment concentration is discussed and two estimation methods of suspended sediment concentration are presented. The first method is curve fitting method, in which, according to the acoustic backscattering theory we assume that the fitting factor K₁ (r) between the concentration M(r) obtained by acoustic observation and the concentration M₀ ( r) obtained by sampling water is a high order power function of distancer. Using least-square algorithm, we can determine the coefficients of the high order power function by minimizing the difference betweenM( r) and M₀ ( r) in the whole water profile. To the absorption coefficient of sound due to the suspension in water we do not give constraint in the first method. The second method is recursive fitting method, in which we take M₀ ( r) as the conditions of initialization and decision and give rational constraints to some parameters. The recursive process is stable. We analyzed the two methods with a lot of experimental data. The analytical results show that the estimate error of the first method is less than that of the second method and the latter can not only estimate the concentration of suspended sediment but also give the absorption coefficient of sound. Good results have been obtained with the two methods.     

波达方向估计中特征空间的信源数估计方法

提出了特征空间法信源数估计方法,它将阵列信号的协方差估计值分别投影到信号的特征子空间和噪声的特征子空间。由于信号子空间与噪声子空间相互正交,易于由表征投影大小的判据值区分信号和噪声的贡献;本方法用的是M×M阶矩阵特征值分解,M为基元数,与波达方向估计用的相同,因此节省大量的计算量;它可以在实数空间中进行运算,进一步减少运算量。进行了数值计算,检验了判据值分布,以及在信源等功率、不等功率和空间相关色噪声等情况下特征空间法的性能。估计方法还用声纳数据进行了检验。所有这些结果均证明本估计方法性能优良。      

测深侧扫声呐差分相位估计

假设海底是一产生散射声波的薄层,获得了测深侧扫声呐(BSSS)的声呐阵时空相关函数的表达式。由此获得了两个重要结果:(1)获得了测深侧扫声呐差分相位估计的均值和方差的表达式;(2)在时空相关函数相位上除kdsin(θ-θm)外,附加了一项ξ(ξ被称为相位误差因子),此项在声呐正下方附近引起很大的测深误差。在上述基础上给出了差分相位法重要参数选择的标准,减小ξ的影响,使BSSS在相当宽的角度内获得好的结果。在上述理论指导下,研制了测深侧扫声呐,获得的实验数据与理论计算结果符合良好,证明了理论的正确性。     

Self-Assembled TiO2/PSS Multilayer Films Studied by Slow Positron Spectroscopy

TiO2/PSS nano-structured multilayer films are fabricated by a layer-by-layer self-assembly method, and the deposition process and interface structure of films are studied in detail by slow positron spectroscopy. The results indicate that injection energy of positron at the interface between the substrate and the film shows a linear dependence on the number of bilayer, which suggests that the repeatability of the depositing process is good, and the thickness of films shows a linear increase with the number of bilayers adding. The calculated result of the film thickness shows that there is an overlay between the adjacent TiO2 nanoparticle layers.     

筒内高功率脉冲磁控放电的电磁控制与优化

高功率脉冲磁控溅射(Hi PIMS)技术被提出以来就受到广泛关注,其较高的溅射材料离化率结合适当的电磁控制,可产生高致密度、高结合力和高综合性能的涂层,但其沉积速率低、放电不稳定、溅射材料离化率差异较大.我们设计了一种筒形溅射源,通过对结构的设计优化,利用类空心阴极放电效应,使问题得到解决.然而其靶面切向磁场不均匀,电子逃逸严重,进而造成等离子体密度偏低,且放电不均匀.本文通过对其放电和等离子体分布进行仿真,提出电场阻挡和磁铁补偿两种方案,研究了不同电场控制条件下的放电行为和等离子体分布.结果表明:增加电子阻挡屏极可以生成势阱,从而有效抑制电子从边缘的逸出;优化后的磁铁补偿可以显著提高靶面横向磁场的均匀性及靶面利用率.两种方案同时作用时,Hi PIMS放电刻蚀环面积更大、且更加均匀.     

城市路径下激光光强起伏特性测量及链路余量估算

 在城市环境下进行了3.5 km的激光大气传输实验。实验中对光强起伏和到达角起伏进行了同步测量，分析了接收光强起伏的统计特性以及传输路径上大气折射率结构常数的特性。基于实验结果，对自由空间光通信中不同闪烁指数下的衰落冗余以及不同探测阈值下的衰落概率进行了估算，从而为空间光通信系统的设计提供可靠的实验基础。     

Improvement of speckle noise suppression in digital holography by rotating linear polarization state

An improved polarization recording approach to reduce speckle noise in digital holography is proposed. Multiple off-axis holograms are obtained by rotating the linear polarization state of both illumination and reference wave simultaneously. By averaging the intensity fields, the speckle noise in the reconstructed images is well suppressed. Statistical evaluation of the experimental results shows the effectiveness and improvement of the proposed method.     

星-地下行传输孔径接收闪烁频谱的理论和实验研究

基于孔径接收的对数振幅相关函数,结合星地激光下行链路的实际情况,推导了星地下行孔径接收的闪烁频谱表达式。分析了天线孔径和天顶角对闪烁频谱的影响。通过恒星观测实验,对下行孔径接收的闪烁频谱进行了实际测量。实验结果验证了理论计算。研究表明,下行孔径接收的闪烁频谱分为低频段和高频段两部分。低频谱为常量,高频谱呈指数关系变化,指数下降因子为(-11/3)。随着接收孔径尺度增加或天顶角减小,频谱幅值逐渐减小,但闪烁频谱的形状保持不变。