用碳化硅合成的金刚石微晶的抗氧化性

用碳化硅加Ni70Mn25Co5合金体系在高温高压下合成出具有完好晶形的金刚石微晶.通过粒度分析和热重量分析对这种晶体的热稳定性进行了评价.作为比较,对工业上用石墨合成的六种不同粒度的金刚石微粉和微晶也作了热重量分析.结果表明,用石墨合成的四种普通金刚石微粉的氧化温度随粒度的减小而明显降低,当粒度为80～100μm到1～2.5μm时,其起始氧化温度为770℃到627℃;两种未经破碎的金刚石微晶的抗氧化性能明显较高,其粒度为20～70μm,起始氧化温度为806℃和819℃.与它们相比,用碳化硅合成出的金刚石晶体的粒度分布在10～50μm范围,而起始氧化温度为838℃,完全氧化温度为1101℃,比用石墨合成的未经破碎的金刚石微晶具有更高的抗氧化性能.本文定性地讨论了用碳化硅合成的金刚石具有高耐热性的原因,认为完好的表面和硅杂质的存在可能对这种晶体热稳定性起了重要作用.     

Self—assembly behaviour of amphiphilic diblock copolymer in selective solvents studied by synchrotron small—angle x—ray scattering

The aggregation behaviour of styrene-vinyl benzoic acid (PS_m-b-PVBA_n) amphiphilic diblock copolymers in selective solvents with different m and n was investigated by synchrotron small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). We have carried out a detailed analysis of scattering intensity, dimension, shape and microstructure of the diblock copolymers of narrow distribution in water, methanol, ethanol and isopropanol selective solvents, respectively. We have found that the aggregation behaviour of the copolymer depends on the nature of the solvent and the micelle forms flat disc objects with the ratio of radius ω=0.4. The average radius gyration R_g of the copolymer decreases as solvents change from isopropanol to ethanol and to methanol, and increases with increasing pH in aqueous solution, but decreases with the addition of CoCl_2 in ethanol solvent. The scattering intensity of diblock copolymer micelle follows I(h)∝h^{-α} in different selective solutions, suggesting that the PS_m-b-PVBA_n coils have self-similar structure behaviour or a fractal structure in the selective solvents. All of these revealed that the aggregation behaviour of the diblock copolymer changes dramatically with experimental condition in the selective solvent. The increase of mass fractal dimension (D_m) from 2.12 to 2.47 indicates that the copolymer chain changes from a swollen coil to a rather compact disc in the course of changing solvents, decreasing surface fractal dimension (D_s) from 2.98 to 2.58 indicates that the copolymer micelle change from a rather rough surface to a smooth form in the course of increasing pH in aqueous solutions, and increasing D_m and D_s from 2.29 to 2.35 and 2.70 to 2.90, respectively, indicates the shrinkage of copolymer micelle to a rather compact and rough disc form by adding CoCl_2 in ethanol solvents.     

圆形界面刚性线夹杂的平面问题

研究了圆弧形界面刚性线夹杂的平面弹性问题．集中力作用于夹杂或基体中的任意点,并且无穷远处受均匀载荷作用．利用复变函数方法,得到了该问题的一般解答．当只含一条界面刚性线夹杂时,获得了分区复势函数和应力场的封闭形式解答,并给出刚性线端部奇异应力场的解析表达式．结果表明,在平面荷载下界面圆弧形刚性线夹杂尖端应力场和裂纹尖端相似具有奇异应力振荡性．对无穷远加载的情况,讨论了刚性线几何条件、加载条件和材料失配对端部场的影响．     

压电复合材料圆形夹杂中螺型位错和界面裂纹的干涉分析

研究了无穷远纵向剪切和面内电场共同作用下,压电复合材料圆形夹杂中螺型位错与界面裂纹的电弹耦合干涉作用．运用Riemann-Schwarz 对称原理,并结合复变函数奇性主部分析方法,获得了该问题的一般解答．作为典型算例,求出了界面含一条裂纹时基体和夹杂区域复势函数和电弹性场的封闭形式解．应用广义Peach-Koehler公式,导出了位错力的解析表达式．分析了裂纹几何参数和材料的电弹性常数对位错力的影响规律．结果表明,界面裂纹对位错力和位错平衡位置有很强的扰动效应,当界面裂纹长度达到临界值时,可以改变位错力的方向．该结果可以作为格林函数研究圆形夹杂内裂纹和界面裂纹的干涉效应．其公式的退化结果与已有文献完全一致．     

N-芳基马来酰亚胺与硫代硫酸钠的电荷转移络合物研究

本文以硫代硫酸根离子作为电荷给体(D),系列N-芳基取代马来酰亚胺(RPhMI)作为电荷受体(A),用含水5%的二甲基亚砜(95%DMSO)为溶剂,以紫外可见分光光度法研究了RPhMI与S₂O₃^2-作用生成的电荷转移(CT)络合物。以其CT光谱计算了RPhMI的电子亲合能(E_A).测定了CT络合物的生成常数K.结果显示,弱的受体N-马来酰亚胺与强的给体硫代硫酸根负离子可以生成稳定的CT络合物。文章还讨论了CT络合物的可能结构及取代基极性与CT络合物的稳定性关系。     

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE STUDIES OF THE C60 FILM CONDENSED ON 2H-MoS2(0001) SURFACE

The electronic structure and vibrational spectrum of the C₆₀ film condensed on a 2H- MoS₂(0001) surface have been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ul-traviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and infrared high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS). AES analysis showed that at low energy side of the main transition, C₆₀ contains a total of three peaks just like that of graphite. However, the energy position of the KLL main Auger transition of C₆₀ looks like that of diamond, indicating that the hybridization of the carbon atoms in C₆₀ is not strictly in sp²- bonded state but that the curvature of the molecular surface introduces some sp²pz- bonded character into the molecular orbitals. XPS showed that the C 1s binding energy in C₆₀ was 285.0eV, and its main line was very symmetric and offered no indication of more than a single carbon species. In UPS measurement the valence band spectrum of C₆₀ within 10eV below the Fermi level (E_F) shows a very distinct five-band structure that character-izes the electronic structure of the C₆₀ molecule. HREEL results showed that the spectrum obtained from the C₆₀ film has very rich vibrational structure. At least, four distinct main loss peaks can be identified below 200 meV. The most intense loss was recorded at 66 meV, and relatively less intense losses were recorded at 95, 164 and 197meV at a primary energy of electron beam E_P = 2.0eV. The other energy-loss peaks at 46, 136, 157 and 186meV in HREEL spectrum are rather weak. These results have been compared to infrared spectrum data of the crystalline solid C₆₀ taken from recent literatures.     

基于耐撞性的塑性变形教学改革

塑性变形是力学的重要教学内容之一,在横力弯曲变形、塑性铰等教学过程中存在偏重概念和理论推导,缺乏实际工程背景等问题。为了提高学生学习兴趣,提出以飞行器和汽车等运载装备耐撞性能需求的塑性变形教学改革模式。首先从实际运载装备在冲击事故中的乘员安全需求为牵引,引出耐撞性工程问题,通过合理假设建立力学模型,建立与塑性变形、塑性铰等教学内容的联系,推导预测压溃载荷的理论公式,让学生体会到理论学习的重要性,通过误差分析让学生理解力学模型的局限性并提高模型精度,提升学生学习兴趣。通过航天器迫降、圆管多边形破坏模式、点阵结构等工程和学术前沿问题,开拓学生视野,进一步夯实理论基础,提高创新能力。     

大环聚醚在Claisen—Schmidt反应中的催化效应

<正> 相转移催化作用(Phaes Transfer Catalysis,简称P.T.C)是70年代发展起来的有机合成新技衔,它具有反应速度快,条件温和、产率较高及操作简单等优点,因而受到重视。近年来,它的发展更加迅速,在有机合成、医药工业和农药工业等方面,均获得若干应用。     

同振球型矢量水听器声波接收理论研究

对同振球型矢量水听器声压和质点振速的声波接收理论进行了研究。以同振球型振速水听器测量原理为基础,推导了自由运动刚性球体和弹性球体的声波接收响应数学表达式,分析了振速水听器几何尺寸、平均密度与其频响特性曲线之间的关系;另外,根据球面接收器的声波接收理论,推导了矢量水听器声压接收响应数学表达式,通过理论分析和数值计算,研究了振速水听器表面上的声压分布规律以及声压水听器的声波接收压力系数与其接收面的大小、质点振速水听器的半径、布放的位置和半径等参数之间的关系;从理论上建立了矢量水听器声波接收理论模型和分析方法,为矢量水听器的设计和研制提供了理论依据。      

基于时变增益的微电网分布式预定时间经济调度算法

针对微电网的经济调度问题,本文提出了一种基于时变增益的预定时间分布式优化算法。不同于传统渐进/指数收敛算法,本文提出的算法能保证发电单元输出功率在给定时间内收敛于最优值。同时,该给定时间可由设计者根据任务需要提前设定,且不受系统初始条件及系统控制参数影响。利用凸优化理论、李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,综合分析了算法的预定时间收敛性能。最后,通过数值仿真案例验证了算法的有效性。