金属纳米团簇在农药检测中的应用研究进展

农药对提高农作物质量和产量具有重要作用,然而,过量以及不合理使用农药导致的残留和污染对人类健康及环境均具有严重危害,因此对农药及其残留的检测尤为重要。金属纳米团簇（Metal nanoclusters,MNCs）作为一种新型纳米材料,具有尺寸小、稳定性高、易制备和生物相容性好等优点,在分析传感领域备受关注。MNCs在农药检测方面也展现出巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了近年来基于MNCs的检测方法以及在有机磷农药、有机氮农药和有机氯农药等常见农药检测中的研究进展,并对其在农药检测方面的发展前景进行了展望。     

Growth and characterization of superconducting Ca1-xNaxFe2As2 single crystals by NaAs-flux method

High-quality superconducting Ca$_{1-x}$Na$_x$Fe$_2$As$_2$ single crystals have been successfully grown by the NaAs-flux method, with sodium doping level $x = 0.4$-0.64. The typical sizes of these crystals are more than 10 mm in $ab$-plane and $\sim 0.1$ mm along $c$-axis in thickness. X-ray diffraction, resistance and magnetization measurements are carried out to characterize the quality of these crystals. While no signature of magnetic phase transitions is detected in the normal state, bulk superconductivity is found for these samples, with a sharp transition at $T_{\rm c}$ ranging from 19.8 K ($x = 0.4$) to 34.8 K ($x = 0.64$). The doping dependences of the $c$-axis parameter and $T_{\rm c}$ are consistent with previous reports, suggesting a possible connection between the lattice parameters and superconductivity.     

Simulation of Anisotropic Resistivity for Mixed-Phase Manganite La2／3Ca1／3MnO3 Thin Films

We utilize the random network model based on phase separation scenario to simulate the conductive behaviour and anisotropic characteristics of resistivity for La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 (LCMO) thin films. The simulated results agree well with our experimental data, showing a metal-to-insulator transition from a high-T paramagnetic (PM) insulating phase to a low-T ferromagnetic (FM) metallic phase in both the untilted film deposited on a (001) SrTiO3 (STO) substrate and the tilted film grown on a vicinal cut STO substrate. It is found that the resistivity of the tilted sample is higher than that of the untilted one, displaying prominent anisotropic characteristics. The studies reveal that the tilting not only decreases the conduction of the FM domains, but also increases the activation energy of the PM regions, inducing the enhancement of resistivity. All those results suggest that the intrinsic inhomogeneity in the phase separation system plays a significant role in the electrical conductivity and the resistive anisotropy is related to the structure of the crystal lattice.     

Si1-xGex/Si量子阱价带子带间跃迁的偏振特性及Kerr效应的研究

首先用Fourier红外吸收谱对p型掺杂的Si_0.75Ge_0.25/Si量子阱价带子带间跃迁的偏振特性进行了研究。实验表明TE和TM偏振光均能激发价带子带间跃迁,并在HH₁→HH₂跃迁中观察到很强的二向色性。同时分别在45°及垂直入射的情况下,对加有直流电场的样品进行Fourier红外电致吸收测量,首次得到样品在不同直流电场下吸收系数变化谱和折射率变化的电场依赖关系(Kerr效应)。在外电场作用下测得的较大△n(∝E²)及子带间跃迁的偏振特性表明,SiGe/Si半导体量子阱材料在焦平面阵式布列的集成线路及光电器件等应用方面具有潜在优势。     

The Semidirect Product of the Pseudovariety of Groups and the Pseudovariety of R-trivial Semigroups

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Residual Finiteness of Finitely Generated Quasi-commutative Semigroups

A semigroup S is called residually finite if for any pair of distinct elements a,b∈S, there exists a congruence P on S such that S/p is finite and (a,b) P. In1958, Malcev proved the following theorem: Any finitely generated abelian semigroupis residually finite . In this paper,we prove that a finitely generated quasi-commu-tative semigroup is residually finite. It generalizes the above theorem.     

拟哈密顿局部半群

本文证明了拟哈密顿半群Ｓ是局部的，当且仅当Ｓ为下三种情形这一；（１）局部群；（２）幂零循环半群；（３）群Ｇ和幂零半群Ｉ的半格，且关于任一ｇ属于Ｇ，有ＧＩ＝Ｉ。     

基于磁性分子印迹材料的荧光分光光度法测定血液中同型半胱氨酸的含量北大核心CSCD

提出一种基于磁性分子印迹材料的荧光分光光度法测定血液中同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)含量的方法。采用化学共沉淀法制备Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米磁芯,用硅酸四乙酯修饰后,以Hcy为模板分子,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,在乙醇溶液中制备了Hcy纳米磁性分子印迹材料;用该材料吸附血液中的Hcy,释放Hcy后用衍生试剂N-(1-芘基)马来酰亚胺进行衍生,用荧光分光光度计测定体系的荧光强度。结果表明:Hcy纳米磁性分子印迹材料粒径约为40 nm;该材料对Hcy的吸附时间为10 min,吸附pH为3.0,最大表观吸附量为32.4 mg·g^(-1);对Hcy的释放时间为40 min,释放pH为8.0;加入N-(1-芘基)马来酰亚胺反应10 min后,以365 nm为激发波长,体系在387 nm处产生稳定荧光;并且该材料对Hcy有良好的选择性吸附,最多可重复使用4次;Hcy的质量浓度在0.02~0.10 mg·L^(-1)内与其对应的荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限为0.008 mg·L^(-1);对Hcy标准溶液进行精密度(n=5)和稳定性(n=6)试验,测定值的相对标准偏差均不大于4.0%;方法用于分析5只成年家兔的血液样品,结果均未检出Hcy;对上述空白样品进行加标回收试验,Hcy的回收率为91.2%~109%。     

S+W中心碰撞的奇异粒子产生

用相对论核－核碰撞的事例产生器──LUCIAE产生和分析了200A GeV S＋W中心碰撞中的奇异介子K0s、奇异重子A和A,给出了它们的产额对横质量的分布及奇异介子对有异重子的产生比,并与实验数据进行了比较.     

基于磁性印迹的紫外法测定血液中同型半胱氨酸

建立一种基于磁性印迹材料提取,紫外法检测血液中同型半胱氨酸含量的新方法。用非共价法制备纳米磁珠,并用二氧化硅包覆纳米磁珠。以同型半胱氨酸为模板分子,SiO_2包覆改性的纳米Fe_3O_4为磁性组分,MAA为功能单体,EGDMA为交联剂,AIBN为引发剂,甲苯为稀释剂,蒸馏水为溶剂,制备纳米磁珠分子印迹模板。基于洗脱后所得的纳米磁珠分子印迹材料,用紫外法测定血液中同型半胱氨酸的含量。磁性印迹材料对同型半胱氨酸的最佳吸附时间为60 min。同型半胱氨酸浓度与吸光度呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9999。所制备的磁性印迹材料对血液中同型半胱氨酸的平均回收率为91.1%,RSD为1.4%。所建立的方法能够较快的测定血液中同型半胱氨酸的含量。