Spatial characteristics of nanosecond pulsed micro-discharges in atmospheric pressure He/H2O mixture by optical emission spectroscopy

Atmospheric pressure micro-discharges in helium gas with a mixture of 0.5%water vapor between two pin electrodes are generated with nanosecond overvoltage pulses.The temporal and spatial characteristics of the discharges are investigated by means of time-resolved imaging and optical emission spectroscopy with respect to the discharge morphology,gas temperature,electron density,and excited species.The evolution of micro-discharges is captured by intensified CCD camera and electrical properties.The gas temperature is diagnosed by a two-temperature fit to the ro-vibrational OH(A²Σ⁺–X^П(2),0–0)emission band and is found to remain low at 425 K during the discharge pulses.The profile of electron density performed by the Stark broadening of Ha 656.1-nm and He I 667.8-nm lines is uniform across the discharge gap at the initial of discharge and reaches as high as 10²³m^-3.The excited species of He,OH,and H show different spatio-temporal behaviors from each other by the measurement of their emission intensities,which are discussed qualitatively in regard of their plasma kinetics.     

Nonlinear inversion of ultrasonic guided waves for in vivo evaluation of cortical bone properties

Ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs), which propagate throughout the entire thickness of cortical bone, are attractive for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. However, this is challenging due to the impact of soft tissue and the inherent difficulties related to multiparametric inversion of cortical bone quality factors, such as cortical thickness and bulk wave velocity. Therefore, in this research, a UGW-based multi-parameter inversion algorithm is developed to predict strength-related factors. In simulation, a free plate (cortical bone) and a bilayer plate (soft tissue and cortical bone) are used to validate the proposed method. The inversed cortical thickness (CTh), longitudinal velocity (V_L) and transverse velocity (V_T) are in accordance with the true values. Then four bovine cortical bone plates were used in in vitro experiments. Compared with the reference values, the relative errors for cortical thickness were 3.96%, 0.83%, 2.87%, and 4.25%, respectively. In the in vivo measurements, UGWs are collected from the tibias of 10 volunteers. The theoretical dispersion curves depicted by the estimated parameters (V_T, V_L, CTh) match well with the extracted experimental ones. In comparison with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, our results show that the estimated transverse velocity and cortical thickness are highly sensitive to osteoporosis. Therefore, these two parameters (CTh and V_T) of long bones have potential to be used for diagnosis of bone status in clinical applications.     

Revisiting the Kπ puzzle in the pQCD factorization approach

In this paper,we calculated the branching ratios and direct CP violation of the four B→Kπ decays with the inclusion of all currently known next-to-leading order(NLO) contributions by employing the perturbative QCD(pQCD) factorization approach.We found that(a) Besides the 10%enhancement from the NLO vertex corrections,the quark-loops and magnetic penguins,the NLO contributions to the form factors can provide an additional~15%enhancement to the branching ratios,and lead to a very good agreement with the data;(b) The NLO pQCD predictions are A_(CP)~(dir)(B~0→K~+π~0)=(-6.5±3.1)%and A_(CP)~(dir)(B~+→K~+π~0)=(2.2±2.0)%,become well consistent with the data due to the inclusion of the NLO contributions.     

高分辨和超分辨光学成像技术在空间和生物中的应用

大到天文光学望远镜观察浩瀚的宇宙, 小到光学显微镜探察细微的纳米世界, 光学成像技术在人类探索和发现未知世界奥秘的活动中扮演着至关重要的角色. 看得更远、看得更细、看得更清楚是人们不断追求的目标. 传统光学理论已证明所有经典光学系统都是一个衍射受限系统, 即光学系统空间分辨率的物理极限是由光的波长和系统的相对孔径(或数值孔径)决定的. 能否突破这个极限？能否不断提高光学系统的成像分辨率？围绕着这个问题, 本文综述了近年来开展的各种光学高分辨和超分辨成像技术, 及其在空间探测和生物领域中的应用.     

电子束辐照浓香型白酒催陈效果的研究

以能量为1.5 MeV/u,剂量分别为500,750,1000,1250,1500 Gy的电子束对1,2,4,6,8年等5种年份浓香型白酒进行辐照处理;扫描各酒样200～400 nm波段的紫外光谱,根据紫外光谱图的差异,计算了280～300 nm波段的光谱曲线相似度,分析光谱曲线变化规律。结果表明,对于前4种白酒,对照样与辐照样光谱曲线相似度值越小,催陈效果越好;白酒存放时间越久,酒体风格转向老熟所需剂量越小,越容易达到最佳催陈效果;对于8年白酒,辐照剂量超过750 Gy后,白酒体系动态平衡被打破,各单体物质增加,出现返生现象。因此,电子束辐照技术对低年份浓香型白酒催陈效果显著,是一种先进、高效的催陈方法。     

HZSM-5在线提质生物油及催化剂失活机理分析

对不同使用时间的HZSM-5分子筛在线催化提质制取的生物油进行理化特性和成分分析,从生物油品质角度对HZSM-5的催化性能进行评价;并采用TG、BET、XRD、SEM和TEM等方法对失活的HZSM-5催化剂进行表征分析,探讨了HZSM-5催化提质生物油的失活机理,并进行再生研究。研究表明,HZSM-5分子筛可转化生物油中的酸类、醛类和酮类等"非期望"有机物,生成较多"期望"有机物,如酚类和芳烃类物质,降低生物油的氧含量及酸性,提高生物油的热值;HZSM-5使用80 min后,生物油品质明显变差,催化剂活性明显降低;失活催化剂上沉积的焦炭主要呈纤维状,同时,还存在少量石墨状焦炭,焦炭总量达14.12%,且使用过程中催化剂的比表面积和孔容均下降,晶粒的团聚现象加剧,结晶度下降;在催化提质过程中,在孔道内生成的石墨状焦炭及在表面形成的纤维状焦炭大量覆盖活性位点,使得催化剂失活。经550℃再生后,催化剂可恢复催化性能。     

胆固醇类油溶性类离子液体润滑添加剂的制备及摩擦学性能研究

合成制备了两种胆固醇类季磷盐油溶性类离子液体,并将其分别作为聚α烯烃PAO-10的润滑添加剂,静置试验和热重分析结果表明两种油溶性类离子液体在PAO-10中具有良好的分散稳定性和热稳定性. 微动摩擦磨损测试结果表明两种类离子液体可显著改善基础油对钢/铝摩擦副的摩擦学性能. 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果表明空白PAO-10润滑摩擦副时磨损类型以黏着磨损为主,以添加两种离子液体的混合油样为润滑剂时磨斑直径显著降低,此时摩擦副间磨损类型以磨粒磨损和腐蚀磨损为主. X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)与X射线能谱仪(EDS)表明类离子液体中的活性元素在摩擦过程中可与铝基体表面发生摩擦化学反应. 两种类离子液体的润滑机理归因于类离子液体与金属基体发生摩擦化学反应生成具有减摩抗磨作用的磷酸盐和硫酸盐等耐磨化合物.      

邯郸市水资源承载力评价与预测研究

选取水资源评价指标体系,运用复合模糊评价模型,对201.2年邯郸市水资源承载力(WRCC)进行了评价,得出WRCC为0.4145,表明邯郸市处于可承载的中游水平.接着通过灰色预测方法对邯郸市2020年的主要相关指标进行预测,再次利用复合模糊评价模型对水资源承载力进行综合评价,得出WRCC为0.5495,表明邯郸市的水资源还处于可承载的范畴,而且比2012年的水资源承载能力有所提高,分析结果为邯郸市水资源的合理利用及可持续发展提供一定理论依据.     

可见光与红外一体化光学系统设计EI北大核心CSCD

空间遥感相机的空间分辨率、时间分辨率以及光谱分辨率不断提高,相机的观测谱段也得到了拓展,实现了多谱段观测.针对多谱段观测需求,通过计算以及光学设计软件设计研究了可见光与红外一体化光学系统.可见光部分系统焦距为6000mm,F数为11.8,波段为400~900nm.红外部分系统焦距为1280mm,F数为2.5,波段为3000~5000nm,两个系统视场均为1.4°×0.6°.可见光波段系统与红外波段系统共用前四片反射镜,五镜为二向分色镜,将可见光反射至五镜上方的时间延迟积分CCD中,红外波段透过五镜至后方校正镜组.整个系统无色差,结构较为紧凑,可见光与红外部分成像质量均达到要求.     

固体超强酸S2O8^2-／ZrO2-CeO2催化剂的结构与性能表征

用共沉淀法制备了固体超强酸S2O8^2-／ZrO2-CeO2催化剂,通过XRD,FTIR,BET,TEM,DSC／TG等分析手段对其结构进行了表征,并考察了其对乳酸丁酯合成反应的催化活性。结果表明．Ce的引入可以有效地抑制ZrO2晶粒由四方相向单斜晶相转变和催化剂表面含硫物种的流失;当焙烧温度高于500℃时,体系内部有四方相Ce0.16Zr0.84O2固溶体形成,最佳焙烧温度为600℃。在n（乳酸）：n（正丁醇）=1．0：3．0,。（S2O8^2-／ZrO2-CeO2）=12．0％,反应温度145℃,反应时间2．0h的条件下,S2O8^2-/ZrO2-CeO2催化剂对乳酸的酯化率达96．6％。