绿色表面活性剂烷基聚葡糖苷的中相微乳液

研究了烷基聚葡糖苷(APG)/正丁醇/环己烷/H₂O四组分微乳液体系的相行为, 得到中相微乳液的“鱼状”相图. 恒定γ值增大δ时, 体系从下相微乳液(WinsorⅠ型)和剩余油相的两相平衡, 经中相微乳液(WinsorⅢ型)、剩余油相和水相的三相平衡, 转变为上相微乳液(WinsorⅡ型)和剩余水相的两相平衡. 从“鱼状”相图的位置和形状, 计算得到了中相微乳液达亲水-亲油平衡时, 体系的一些重要参数, 如O点(中相消失, 水油两相平衡)和E点(三相消失, 单相形成)的组成( γ_o, δ_o)和((γ_e, δ_e) , 界面膜中APG和正丁醇的质量分数 , S^δ₁,S^δ₂ APG单体分子和正丁醇在环己烷中的溶解度S₁ , S₂, 平衡界面膜中APG和正丁醇在总组分中所占的质量分数C₁和C₂等. 考察了不同醇类、不同水相和油相对相图、平衡界面膜组成及APG形成单相微乳液效能等的影响. 发现使用长碳链的醇、小体积的油分子或加入无机盐, 均有利于单相及中相微乳液的形成, 并对此进行了解释.     

稀释剂对二（2—乙基己基）磷酸萃取镧（Ⅲ）的影响

二（２－乙基己基）磷酸从硝酸介质中对Ｌａ（Ⅲ）的萃取对不同稀释剂其平衡常数为；正己烷＞环己烷＞四氯化碳＞甲苯＞氯仿＞甲异丁酮，萃取平衡常数与稀释剂的极性参数Ｓ间呈线性关系。     

Studies on the Middle-phase Microemulsion of Lauric-N-methylglucamide

The phase behaviour of the middle-phase microemulsion for the quaternary system lauric-N-methylglucamide （MEGA-12）/n-butanollalkane/water has been studied with Winsor type, δ-γ, fishlike and novel ε-β fishlike phase diagrams. A series of phase inversions Winsor I （2）→Ⅲ（3）→Ⅱ （ 2 ） were observed for the three kinds of phase diagrams. The phase types, the phase volumes and the range of alcohol concentrations from the beginning to the end of the middle-phase microemulsion were obtained from Winsor phase diagram. From δ-γ, fishlike phase diagram, the physicochemical parameters, such as the mass fraction of n-butanol in the hydrophile-lipophile balanced inteffacial layer, A^s, the coordinates of the start and end points of the middle-phase microemulsion, and the solubilities of MEGA-12 and n-butanol in alkane phase were calculated. The novel ε-β fishlike phase diagram was also presented. From this kind of diagram, the above experimental phenomena were observed and the physicochemical parameters were calculated precisely. The novel fishlike phase diagram has advantages over the Winsor and δ-γ fishlike phase diagrams in the evaluation of the solubilization power of the microemulsion and calculation of the related physicochemical parameters.     

咪唑基表面活性离子液体在气/液界面的扩张粘弹性

合成了两种咪唑基表面活性离子液体,通过界面膨胀流变法研究了其在气/液界面的聚集行为,考察了咪唑基表面活性离子液体浓度、无机盐和温度对聚集行为的影响。研究发现,咪唑基表面活性离子液体在吸附过程中吸附控制占主导作用,而弛豫过程不是单一指数函数;加入无机盐或升高温度可以提高咪唑基表面活性离子液体的表面活性、增强其在界面的吸附能力、降低表面张力。扩张流变结果显示扩张模量、弹性模量和粘性模量随震荡频率增加而增加;随表面活性离子液体浓度增大,扩张模量先增大后减小。扩张模量随温度升高或无机盐(NaBr或CaBr₂)的加入而降低。表面活性离子液在气/液界面形成的吸附膜以弹性模量为主,而且C₁₄mimBr的界面膜弹性模量大于C₁₂mimBr的界面膜弹性模量。     

烷基聚葡糖苷C9.6G1.3/n-C4H9OH/n-C6H14/H2O微乳液体系的介电弛豫谱研究

The pseudotertiary phase diagram of the microemulsion system alkyl polyglucoside/n-butanol/n-hexane/water was plotted at （30.0±0.1） ℃. The dielectric measurements, including permittivity, conductivity, relaxation strength, characteristic relaxation time, etc,, were applied to investigate the microstructure of the system. Unique dielectric relaxations were observed over the frequency range of 5-10^7 Hz, taking place possibly through an interracial polarization mechanism. According to the results obtained from dielectric spectroscopy, the structures of the microemulsion O/W, BC and W/O were determined, and some dielectric and phase parameters were calculated.