基于加权总差分最小化的中子稀疏投影计算机断层重建方法

为提升高噪声稀疏角度投影条件下中子计算机断层扫描(CT)质量,提出同时迭代重建方法(SIRT)与加权总差分最小化(WTDM)相结合的迭代重建方法(SIRT-WTDM)。在有无噪声情况下比较代数重建算法、联合代数重建算法及同时迭代重建算法的重建图像,证明了SIRT迭代重建具有较高的图像重建精度与较强的抗噪声性能,因此将SIRT作为高噪声中子投影图像CT迭代重建算法的保真项。考虑到对图像梯度稀疏性与连续性的约束,中子CT迭代重建方法的正则化约束项采用WTDM方法。由Shepp-Logan模体与真实冷中子层析扫描数据验证可知,在极端稀疏角度投影条件下,SIRT-WTDM可获得较好的重建效果。     

基于重投影的多项式拟合校正射束硬化

在X射线工业CT(ICT)中,射束硬化会导致重建的图像出现伪影,甚至产生变形。为了消除这种影响,提出了一种基于重投影的多项式拟合校正射束硬化的方法。该方法对原始CT图像进行阈值分割二值化,将物体目标区域的像素值设为1;重投影此二值图像以获取X射线贯穿物体的长度集合;利用多项式拟合此长度集合与多色投影间的关系来建立射束硬化校正模型,用该模型对多色投影进行校正。与传统的多项式拟合校正方法相比,该方法不需要楔状模体(用于测量不同厚度下的衰减值,以此来建立射束硬化校正模型)。研究表明,该方法能有效地抑制射束硬化的影响。     

Discrimination of converted photons and neutral pions at high energies

In the LHC experiment, the H→γγ channel provides a clean nal state with an effective mass peak that is reconstructed with great precision, despite the small branching ratio. As a consequence, the H→γγ channel is one of the most promising channels for the Higgs discovery in the very low mass region. In order to increase the sensitivity of the Higgs search, background rejection rate is very important, so γ/π⁰ discrimination is one of the key points in the analysis. At least 40% of photons will convert with the experience of ATLAS and CMS. We constructed electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) in GEANT4 simulation, using 6 variables which have different shapes between converted γ and π⁰, with the TMVA (Toolkit for Multivariate Data Analysis) to do the separation. With this method we can get 30% to 60% π⁰ rejection efficiency when keeping 90% converted γ efficiency, in the region of transverse momentum 15 GeV to 75 GeV, not only in MC sumulation but also in real data.     

大型强子对撞机上的CMS探测器

CMS探测器是大型强子对撞机(LHC)上的4个实验之一,它的设计思想是在质心能量为14TeV及积分亮度为1034cm-2s-1的条件下对质子-质子对撞进行研究.它的特点是非常紧凑,其μ子室几乎覆盖了4π立体角.另外,CMS探测器还有可提供超强磁场的超导磁铁和由超导磁铁环绕的径迹室以及电磁量能器和强子量能器.CMS探测器对于末态为电子、光子、特别是μ子的物理过程有很好的测量精度.     

A study of hadronic shower development in the ECAL of the alpha magnetic spectrometer Ⅱ

In this paper, we studied the development of hadronic shower in an electromagnetic calorimeter of Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer Ⅱ. Two parametrized empirical formulae were proposed to describe the hadronic shower shape in calorimeter. Using 100 GeV proton beam incident on the center of the ECAL, detailed plots of lateral and longitudinal hadronic shower behavior were given and we found the formulae can describe the development of the hadronic shower with the test beam data. The possible application of the parametrized formulae including e^±-π^± discrimination and tau jet reconstruction was discussed.     

Automatic calibration method of voxel size for cone-beam 3D-CT scanning system

For a cone-beam three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) scanning system, voxel size is an important indicator to guarantee the accuracy of data analysis and feature measurement based on 3D-CT images. Meanwhile, the voxel size changes with the movement of the rotary stage along X-ray direction. In order to realize the automatic calibration of the voxel size, a new and easily-implemented method is proposed. According to this method, several projections of a spherical phantom are captured at different imaging positions and the corresponding voxel size values are calculated by non-linear least-square fitting. Through these interpolation values, a linear equation is obtained that reflects the relationship between the voxel size and the rotary stage translation distance from its nominal zero position. Finally, the linear equation is imported into the calibration module of the 3D-CT scanning system. When the rotary stage is moving along X-ray direction, the accurate value of the voxel size is dynamically exported. The experimental results prove that this method meets the requirements of the actual CT scanning system, and has virtues of easy implementation and high accuracy.