ZnTe/GaSb结构的X射线三轴晶散射和晶体截断杆研究

用X射线三轴晶散射和晶体截断杆扫描研究了不同工艺条件下分子束外延生长的ZnTe/GaSb结构．X射线晶体截断扫描显示，从衬底表面清洁温度到生长温度退火过程中采用Zn气氛的样品具有清晰的干涉条纹，而在Te气氛下退火则晶体截断扫描没有干涉条纹．在倒易点004，115附近X射线散射的二维强度分布图显示，两种条件下生长样品的晶格失配应力都没有弛豫．二维等强度分布图和沿［110］方向的扫描，都显示在Te气氛下生长的膜具有较强的漫散射，并且分布较宽．这种漫散射来源于界面相Ga₂Te_{3< 关键词：}     

落管中Pd77.5Au6Si16.5合金的固化动力学亚稳相的形成

研究了落管中Pd_77.5Au₆Si_16.5合金的过冷、生核及亚稳相的形成。在小于400μm的金属小球中发现Pd的固溶体相;在较大的金属小球中则观察到Pd₃Si金属间化合物相。本文还在经典生核理论的基础上,计算了不同相的固液自由能差、成核功、生核速率及晶体生长速度随温度的变化关系,并由此得到时间-温度-转变曲线(t-T-t),计算与实验结果较为一致。 关键词：     

SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF CARBON NANOTUBES

The distribution, morphology and structure of carbon nanotubes and buckyonions produced from an arc discharge were investigated by means of scanning electron mi-croscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, The nanotubes and nanoonions were found to be located mainly near the porous region of the core in the deposited rods and the transition region between the growth ring-shaped graphite sheets. The tube bundles grew freely from carbon particles. Apart from the straight-line tubes, curved and bent tubes were also found. Studies on the structure of them showed that the carbon atomic sheets in the nanotubes displayed a stepped bending. Transverse sectional study predicted a helical structure of the carbon atomic sheets. In addition, the relationship between the number of pentagonal rings and cone angle at the tips of the tubes, as well as the mechanism of the formation of the steplike structure, were discussed.     

A DOUBLE-TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT TECHNIQUE FOR THE GROWTH OF PURE C60 SINGLE CRYSTALS FROM THE VAPOR PHASE

Pure C₆₀ single crystals were grown by a sublimation-condensation method in an evacuated dosed quartz tube situated in a double-temperature-gradient furnace. Large C₆₀ single crystals, up to a size of 0.6 mm×1.0 mm×2.0 mm with quite smooth and shiny faces, were obtained. X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction and X-ray morphology were carried out and showed that the quality of large C₆₀ single crystals grown by the double-temperature-gradient technique is excellent. In this paper the experimental results of the growth of large C₆₀ single crystals are reported and the morphological and structural characterizations are discussed in detail.     

In掺杂氮化亚铜薄膜的电学、光学和结构特性研究

采用射频磁控溅射方法, 在低功率和低温条件下利用纯氮气作为反应溅射气体制 备出不同In含量的三元氮化物Cu_xIn_yN薄膜. 研究发现In掺杂浓度对薄膜微结构、形貌、表面化学态以及光学特性有灵敏的调节作用. 光电子峰、俄歇峰、俄歇参数的化学位移变化从不同角度揭示了不同含量In掺杂引 起的原子结合情况的变化. XPS结果显示In含量小于8.2 at.%的样品形成了Cu-In-N键. 对In含量为4.6 at.%的样品进行XRD和TEM结构测试, 实验结果肯定了In原子填充到Cu₃N的反ReO₃结构的体心位置. 并且当In含量增至10.7 at.%时, 薄膜生长的择优取向从之前占主导地位的(001)方向转变为(111)方向. 此外, 随着In含量的增加, 薄膜的R-T曲线从指数形式变为线性. 当In含量为47.9 at.%时, 薄膜趋于大温区恒电阻率材料, 电阻温度系数TCR仅为-6/10000. 光谱测量结果显示In摻杂使得氮化亚铜掺杂薄膜的光学帯隙从间接帯隙变为直接帯隙. 由于Burstein-Moss效应, 帯隙发生蓝移, 从1.02 eV 到2.51 eV, 实现了帯隙连续可调. 关键词： 三元氮化物 薄膜 光学特性 氮化亚铜     

Controlling the photoluminescence spectroscopy of quinacrine dihydrochloride by SiO_2 inverse opal photonic crystal

Manipulation of the photoluminescence spectra of light-emitting materials doped in three-dimensional （3D） inverse opal photonic crystals is investigated. Quinacrine dihydrochloride molecules doped highly ordered SiO2 inverse opal is successfully synthesized by co-assembly combined with double-substrate vertical infiltrate method. The quinacrine dihydrochloride-doped and-undoped SiO2 inverse opals each exhibit an apparent photonic band gap （PBG） in the visible light region. Significant suppression of the emission is observed when the PBG is overlapped with the quinacrine dihydrochloride emission bands. The mechanism of suppression effect of PBG in inverse opal on the fluorescence intensity of quinacrine dihydrochloride molecules is studied.     

封面说明

物理和数学是理解生长与形状（growth and form）的科学基础．有生命世界与无生命世界中花样的美妙对应暗示存在着普适的发生机制，即某个物理因素在给定几何约束下的表现．左上图，球状花序；左下图，     

Real-time observation of template-assisted colloidal aggregation and colloidal dispersion under an alternating electric field

A fascinating colloid phenomenon was observed in a specially designed template-assisted cell under an alternating electrical field.Most colloidal particles experienced the processes of aggregation,dispersion and climbing up to the plateaus of the patterns pre-lithographed on the indium tin oxide glass as the frequency of the alternating electrical field increased.Two critical frequencies f crit1 ≈ 15 kHz and f crit2 ≈ 40 kHz,corresponding to the transitions of the colloid behaviour were observed.When f < 15 kHz,the particles were forced to aggregate along the grooves of the negative photoresist patterned template.When 15 kHz < f < 40 kHz,the particle clusters became unstable and most particles started to disperse and were blocked by the fringes of the negative photoresist patterns.As the frequency increased to above 40 kHz,the majority of particles started to climb up to the plateaus of the patterns.Furthermore,the dynamics analysis for the behaviour of the colloids was given and we found out that positive or negative dielectrophoresis force,electrohydrodynamic force,particle-particle interactions and Brownian motion change with the frequency of the alternating electric field.Thus,changes of the related forces affect or control the behaviour of the colloids.     

晶体表面偏角对摇摆曲线及其半峰宽的影响

本文应用X射线衍射动力学理论,计算了晶体表面偏角对X射线双晶衍射摇摆曲线及其半峰宽的影响,得出当晶体表面向某一方向存在一定的偏角时,X射线的入射方向不同,将造成摇摆曲线位置的改变和半峰宽的变化,且其变化趋势随着入射角的变小而增大,随着入射角的减小,反射峰的半峰宽增大,并向高角方向漂移,采用掠入射的不对称衍射方式时,偏角的影响更为明显。 关键词：     

封面说明

硅和氧化硅与贵金属金和银不互熔，因此，把硅氧化物同贵金属共蒸发可以用来制取各种硅纳米结构．如果把SiO和Ag2O一起蒸发到温度保持在Ag熔点以上（比如说，1000℃）的衬底上，则会形成Ag为内核、SiO2为外壳的内核／壳层结构．根据壳层几何形状的不同，其上由冷却造成的应力分布花样可以是三角铺排、菲波纳契螺旋、草莓上的“X形”点阵等花样（Li＆Cao，Science 309，909（2005））．