组分调制Cu3NPdx的大温区恒定电阻率

单一固体材料的电阻率是关于温度的复杂函数。目前尚未见关于相当大的温度范围内恒定电阻率的报道；对恒电阻的需求仍然是通过材料结构组合或电路设计实现的。Cu3NPdx随组份的变化会经历半导体-半金属相变，在Cu3NPd0.238中可以在240K的温度范围内测得不变的电阻率，这一发现至少表明大温区内恒电阻是可以在单一材料内实现的，它对固体物理的理解本身以及诸多应用都有重要的意义。     

Sterilization of mycete attached on the unearthed silk fabrics by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet

The sterilization of the simulated unearthed silk fabrics using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet(APPJ) system employing Ar/O_2 or He/O_2 plasma to inactivate the mycete attached on the silk fabrics is reported. The effects of the APPJ characteristics(particularly the gas type and discharge power) on the fabric strength, physical-chemical structures,and sterilizing efficiency were investigated. Experimental results showed that the Ar/O_2 APPJ plasma can inactivate the mycete completely within 4.0 min under a discharge power of 50.0 W. Such an APPJ treatment had negligible impact on the mechanical strength of the fabric and the surface chemical characteristics. Moreover, the Ar ions, O and OH radicals were shown to play important roles on the sterilization of the mycete attached on the unearthed silk fabrics.     

Large-scale photonic crystals with inserted defects and their optical properties

Deliberately introducing defects into photonic crystals is an important way to functionalize the photonic crystals. We prepare a special large-scale three-dimensional(3D) photonic crystal(PC) with designed defects by an easy and low-cost method. The defect layer consists of photoresist strips or air-core strips. Field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) shows that the 3D PC is of good quality and the defect layer is uniform. Different defect states shown in the ultraviolet-visible spectra are induced by the photoresist strip layer and air-core strip layer. The special large-scale 3D PC can be tested for integrated optical circuits, and the defects can act as optical waveguides.     

内核/壳层微结构上应力驱动的三角和斐波纳契数花样

自然界中三角和斐波纳契数的叶序花样随处可见.通过控制几何条件以及冷却之后产生的应力,这些花样能在Ag内核/SiOx壳层微结构(约10μm大小)上予以实现.在这种内核/壳结构表面上,大小形状十分一致的小球通过自组装是形成斐波纳契数花样(我们观察到5×8,8×13和13×21三种)还是三角花样,取决于基座面的几何构形.作者工作的意义在于揭示了在适当的几何约束下,自组装形成的花样是总应变能最小的结果.这对叶序花样的形成来源提出了一种非遗传的机理.此外,作者的研究表明,高度有序的、甚至含有内禀缺陷的微结构可以通过应力工程在大面积范围内同时得到.     

Effect of Misfit Dislocation Originated from Strained Layer on Photoluminescence Properties of InxGa1-xN／GaN Multiple Quantum Wells

Inx Ga1-x N/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) samples with strain-layer thickness larger/less than the critical one are investigated by temperature-dependent photoluminescence and transmission electron microscopy, and double crystal x-ray diffraction. For the sample with the strained-layer thickness greater than the critical thickness, we observe a high density of threading dislocations generated at the MQW layers and extended to the cap layer. These dislocations result from relaxation of the strain layer when its thickness is beyond the critical thickness. For the sample with the strained-layer thickness greater than the critical thickness, temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements give evidence that dislocations generated from the MQW layers due to strain relaxation are main reason of the poor photoluminescence property, and the dominating status change of the main peak with increasing temperature is attributed to the change of the radiative recombination from the areas including dislocations to the ones excluding dislocations.     

Formation and spectroscopic characterization of mono-dispersed CdSe nanocrystals

In this article, mono-dispersed hexagonal structure CdSe nanocrystals with polyhedron shape were prepared by an open solvent thermal reaction. They show a discrete excitonic transition structure in the absorption spectra and the minimal photoluminescence （PL） peak full-width at half-maximum of 19nm. The PL quantum yield is about 60%. Transmission electron micrographs, high-resolution transmission electron micrographs, x-ray powder diffraction patterns, UV-vis absorption spectra and PL spectra were obtained for the as-prepared CdSe nanocrystals. The size of the CdSe nanocrystals can be tuned by changing the reaction temperature or time. Due to the improved synthesis method, a different growth mechanism of the CdSe nanocrystals is discussed.     

有机-无机杂化钙钛矿自组装量子阱结构的能带调控和光电性能的研究

有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料具有分子尺度上调节能带结构的特点,在光、电、磁等领域均表现出了优异的性能.通过简单的旋涂方法,成功的制备了具有不同无机层层数的杂化钙钛矿材料(C₆H₁₃NH₃)₂(CH₃NH₃)_n-1Pb_nI_3n+1 (简写为C₆Pb关键词： 杂化钙钛矿 量子阱 带隙 光电性能     

X射线三晶衍射及其应用

Ｘ射线三晶衍射由于同时采用了单色器和分析器，因而能区分样品中由完美晶体部分对Ｘ射线的动力学衍射和由缺陷部分引起的运动学散射，还可把晶体中晶格常数的变化和晶格取向缺陷区别开，并可测定倒易点附近Ｘ射线散射强度的二维分布图。近来，Ｘ射线三晶衍射技术广泛应用于研究晶体的表面和界面精糙度、表面损伤、晶体内的微缺陷以及精确确定外延膜的结构参数等。此外，还简要地介绍了Ｘ射线三晶衍射的技术、原理和应用。     

落管中Pd_(77.5)Au_6Si_(16.5)合金的固化动力学亚稳相的形成

研究了落管中Pd_(77.5)Au_6Si_(16.5)合金的过冷、生核及亚稳相的形成。在小于400μm的金属小球中发现Pd的固溶体相;在较大的金属小球中则观察到Pd_3Si金属间化合物相。本文还在经典生核理论的基础上,计算了不同相的固液自由能差、成核功、生核速率及晶体生长速度随温度的变化关系,并由此得到时间-温度-转变曲线(t-T-t),计算与实验结果较为一致。     

Influence of colloidal particle transfer on the quality of self-assembling colloidal photonic crystal under confined condition

The relationship between colloidal particle transfer and the quality of colloidal photonic crystal(CPC) is investigated by comparing colloidal particle self-assembling under the vertical channel(VC) and horizontal channel(HC) conditions.Both the theoretical analyses and the experimental measurements indicate that crystal quality depends on the stability of mass transfer.For the VC,colloidal particle transfer takes place in a stable laminar flow,which is conducive to forming high-quality crystal.In contrast,it happens in an unstable turbulent flow for the HC.Crystals with cracks and an uneven surface formed under the HC condition can be seen from the images of a field emission scanning electron microscope(SEM) and a three-dimensional(3D) laser scanning microscope(LSM),respectively.