微晶硅锗太阳电池本征层纵向结构的优化

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术, 研究了辉光功率对微晶硅锗材料结构特性和光电特性的影响, 提出使用功率梯度的方法制备微晶硅锗薄膜太阳电池本征层. 优化后的微晶硅锗本征层不仅保持了晶化率纵向分布的均匀性, 而且形成了沿生长方向由宽到窄的渐变带隙分布, 使电池的填充因子和短路电流密度都得到了提高. 采用此方法制备的非晶硅/微晶硅锗双结叠层电池转换效率达到了9.54%.     

Tritium and helium analyses in thin films by enhanced proton backscattering

In order to study how to reliably perform quantitative tritium and helium analyses in thin film samples using enhanced proton backscattering(EPBS),several EPBS spectra for some samples consisting of non-RBS light elements(i.e.,T,4He,12C,16O,natSi),medium and heavy elements have been measured and analyzed using analytical SIMNRA and Monte Carlo-based CORTEO codes.The non-RBS cross sections needed in the CORTEO code are taken from the ENDF/B-Ⅶ.1 database and the calculations of SigmaCalc code and are incorporated into the CORTEO code.All non-RBS cross section data over the entire proton incident energy-scattering angle plane are obtained by interpolation.It is quantitatively observed that in EPBS analysis the multiple and plural scattering effects have little impact on the energy spectra for light elements and the RBS cross sections of light elements can be used in the SIMNRA code for dual scattering calculations.It is also observed that the results given by the CORTEO code are higher than the results of the SIMNRA code in the low energy part of EPBS spectra,and are in better agreement with the experimental data.Tritium and helium analyses in thin film samples using EPBS can be performed reliably when the multiple and plural scattering contributions are completely accounted.     

冲击载荷作用下颗粒材料动态力学响应的近场动力学模拟

颗粒材料在冲击载荷作用下的动态力学行为是学术界关注的热点问题. 新近问世的近场动力学(peridynamics)理论将材料视为由大量有限体积和有限质量的物质点组成,基于非连续性和非局部作用假定建模,建立空间积分形式的运动方程,自然适应于颗粒材料动态力学行为的描述与分析. 发展了描述颗粒间接触作用的物质点尺度的排斥力模型,考虑近场动力学方法中非局部长程力特征,改进了近场动力学中的初始微观弹脆性(prototype microelastic brittle, PMB) 模型的本构力函数,并消除了原PMB 模型中存在的“边界效应” 问题. 计算分析了冲击载荷作用下碳化钨陶瓷颗粒体系的动态力学响应,得到了不同冲击速度下颗粒体系的冲击波速,PD计算结果与试验结果高度一致;通过颗粒物质点尺度作用描述单颗粒尺度的接触作用,很好地再现了颗粒的转动与平动、颗粒挤压变形以及颗粒破碎等现象;刚性冲击板附近同时存在严重的颗粒破碎与轻微的颗粒损伤,远离冲击板的部分颗粒出现破损,且颗粒破碎主要是由颗粒间挤压、碰撞以及相对滑动剪切作用造成的. 研究结果表明,所发展的计算模型和分析方法能很好地反映颗粒材料动态力学行为,具有广泛的应用价值.      

毛细管电泳电化学法对苯丙胺的检测

建立了毛细管电泳电化学法检测尿样中苯丙胺的方法.以直径33 μm的碳纤维电极为工作电极,在最佳检测条件即检测电位1.30 V,15 kV下电动进样3 s,选择电泳分离高压为15 kV,电泳缓冲液为pH 10.0的20 mmol/L的磷酸盐,实验发现,在1.0×10-8 ～1.0×10-5 mol/L范围内,响应电流与苯丙胺浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.998 4,检出限达3.3×10-9 mol/L.对于浓度为1.0×10-5 mol/L的苯丙胺,峰电流及迁移时间的RSD分别为2.4%和2.5%(n=7).对于尿样中2.0×10-5 mol/L 的苯丙胺,回收率为75%.     

一种新型的多用途发光量子点 — — — I n P

I n P量子点是一种典型的 Ⅲ V族半导体纳米材料, 由于其在禁带宽度、 电子迁移率等方面的独特性 能而受到广泛关注. 研究人员通过控制反应条件、 表面修饰以及进行掺杂等对I n P材料的性能进行调控, 使之更广 泛地应用于通信、 材料、 传感、 能源及照明等领域     

Linear synchronization and circuit implementation of chaotic system with complete amplitude control

Although chaotic signals are considered to have great potential applications in radar and communication engineering,their broadband spectrum makes it difficult to design an applicable amplifier or an attenuator for amplitude conditioning.Moreover, the transformation between a unipolar signal and a bipolar signal is often required. In this paper, a more intelligent hardware implementation based on field programmable analog array(FPAA) is constructed for chaotic systems with complete amplitude control. Firstly, two chaotic systems with complete amplitude control are introduced, one of which has the property of offset boosting with total amplitude control, while the other has offset boosting and a parameter for partial control. Both cases can achieve complete amplitude control including amplitude rescaling and offset boosting. Secondly,linear synchronization is established based on the special structure of chaotic system. Finally, experimental circuits are constructed on an FPAA where the predicted amplitude control is realized through only two independent configurable analog module(CAM) gain values.     

化学反应机理对激波与可燃氢气泡相互作用影响的数值研究

通过含化学源项的Navier-Stokes方程对激波与可燃界面相互作用（RSBI）进行数值研究,讨论三种氢氧化学反应机理对点火过程、燃烧效率和面积压缩率等物理化学特征的影响.三种化学反应分别为：Evans-Schexnayder反应模型（ES模型）,Jachimowski反应模型（J模型）及Ó Conaire反应模型（Ó模型）.研究表明：ES模型下的气泡点火延迟时间最大,平衡温度最低且点火位置异于J模型和Ó模型.采用无量纲面积来表征激波和燃烧作用气泡的形变特征,结果表明：燃烧释热阶段的气泡面积对化学反应模型的选择非常敏感,其中J模型的面积膨胀率最高.然而对于模拟长期发展的RSBI流场燃烧效率,不同化学反应模型之间的差异相对缩小.由于ES模型难以准确捕捉点火位置,J模型和Ó模型更适合模拟RSBI这类复杂流动的点火现象及燃烧流动耦合过程.     

单个人类端粒重复序列d(TTAGGG)对长链端粒DNA-d[AGGG(TTAGGG)6]结构影响的研究

本文使用超速离心沉降速度法、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和圆二色光谱和紫外吸收检测熔融实验研究了长序列端粒DNA-d[AGGG(TTAGGG)₆](G₆-DNA)的结构以及单个重复序列DNA-d(TTAGGG)(G₀₁-DNA)对G₆-DNA结构的影响. 结果表明G₆-DNA可以在水溶液中形成二聚体,并且G₀₁-DNA可以通过与G₆-DNA结合形成额外的G-四链体结构,从而改变单体与二聚体的平衡. 然而,G₀₁-DNA对序列为d[AGGG(TTAGGG)₃](G₃-DNA)的结构没有影响. 该研究为长序列单链端粒DNA的结构多样性提供了新的见解.     

压气机插板式进气畸变实验研究

进气畸变同压气机之间的相互作用机制一直是进气道/发动机一体化设计的重点。本文在一台低速轴流压气机上进行了插板畸变实验,研究了插板畸变对压气机性能和稳定性的影响。实验发现:轴向速度畸变和周向速度畸变是影响压气机性能的主要因素;当转子叶片离开畸变区时,其载荷最大,易产生较大的流动分离,当转子叶片刚进入畸变区时,其后的静子叶片叶根易出现流动分离。同时发现插板进气畸变条件下的压气机失速机理与均匀进气条件下压气机失速机理差别很大,并提出一个压气机失速模型去描述插板畸变条件下压气机失速的三个阶段。     

Study of the background in the experiments of inner-shell ionization of atoms by positron impact

One of main difficulties in the experiments of inner-shell ionization of atoms by positron impact near threshold energy region is the relatively high low-energy background, which is caused by the deposited part of energy in semi-conductor X-ray detectors of 0.511 MeV γ rays that are produced by positron annihilations in targets and target chamber. In this paper, by using the Monte Carlo method, we simulated the backgrounds for the X-ray detectors with the sensitive layer thickness of 0.3 mm and 3 mm in the case of 0.511 MeV γ rays impacting vertically on a Ti plate of 0.2 mm in thickness, and compared the simulation results with the experimental observations of the other research group and our own. Moreover, we also simulated the backgrounds for a simplified experimental setup in the case of 20 keV positrons impacting vertically on a thick Ti target and observed that the backgrounds for the X-ray detectors with the sensitive layer thickness of 0.3 mm and 3 mm, are very similar.