金属有机凝胶的应用研究进展

金属有机凝胶（Metal-organic gels, MOGs）是一类以金属离子和有机配体通过非共价作用桥联形成的凝胶材料。与制备耗时的金属有机框架（Metal-organic frameworks, MOFs）相比,MOGs可在温和条件下通过配位自组装、氢键作用、π-π堆积和范德华力形成多孔超分子结构,具有制备简单、比表面积大、热稳定性好、结构可调谐及金属位点丰富等优点,在传感和分析检测领域应用广泛,同时在催化、吸附、储能、电致变色器件等领域的应用也具有独特的优势。本文对近年来MOGs在上述领域中的研究和应用进展进行了评述,分析了其面临的挑战,并对其未来的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望。     

Green＇s function formalism in semi-infinite composites： an investigation of local field distribution

In the resonant composites, the formerly developed Green's function formalism (GFF) can be used to compute the local field distribution near resonance. In this paper, we extend the GFF in the infinite network to the semi-infinite networks by the method of image. Using the formalism, we investigate the local field distribution near resonance for the impurity clusters with admittance ε_0 embedded in one semi-infinite network with ε_1. With varying the admittance ε_2 of another semi-infinite network, we find that the local fields in the boundary experience great changes, especially at ε_2=-ε_1. The existence of the boundary enhances the localization of the fields within and around the metallic clusters. Therefore, the intensity of local field is influenced by the arrangement of impurity metallic bonds and its distance from the boundary.     

使用深度学习的多通道水下目标识别

为解决低信噪比条件下水下目标识别率低的问题,提出一种适用于多通道水听器阵列的深度学习水下目标识别方法。首先是采用子通道特征级联的方法利用多通道信息;在特征提取方面,采用对信号的不同频率区间进行加权的特征提取器,并对提取的特征进行正则规整;最后采用深度神经网络(Deep Neural Network,DNN)实现目标识别。实验首先在仿真条件下对所提出方法的有效性进行验证,结果表明在-15 dB信噪比条件下的五目标识别任务中,使用多通道级联特征的深度神经网络的识别正确率达到96.7%,显著高于基于支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)的方法。在后续的湖上试验中,深度神经网络的平均正确率达到96.0%,进一步验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

20Mgβ衰变谱学与15O(α,γ)19Ne反应(英文)

15O（α,γ）19Ne（p,γ）20Na反应链是高温CNO循环向快速质子俘获过程突破的一条关键路径,相关的反应率输入量可通过20Mg的β衰变可布居19Ne共振态并测量其衰变性质来获得。通过高效率高精度地测量20Mg β衰变中产生的质子与γ射线得到了20Mg衰变的详细信息,并构建了完整的衰变纲图,还进行了19Ne 4 033 keV共振态衰变性质的探索,获得了该态在20Mg β衰变中被布居的分支比上限。通过比20Mg和20O镜像能级跃迁的结果确认了同位旋非对称性,为检验相关理论模型提供了精确的实验数据。对于突破路径中有重要影响的19Ne 4 033 keV共振态的性质,有待更高统计的实验进一步研究。The breakout from the hot CNO cycle to the rapid proton capture process can occur via the 15O(α,γ)19Ne(p,γ)20Na reaction sequence, and the β decay of 20Mg can be used as an alternative method to characterize some specific resonances, which will provide detailed nuclear structure input for reaction rate calculations. The reliable information on the decay properties and structure of 20Mg was obtained by measuring the emitted particles and γ-rays in the β decay with high efficiency and high resolution. Attempt was also made to search for the decay channels associated with the 4 033 keV resonance in 19Ne. To test fundamental symmetries, the transitions in the mirror decays of 20Mg and 20O were compared. The precise experimental data presented here would be important to constrain the theoretical calculations. It is desirable to clarify the astrophysically relevant problem by further experiments with improved statistics on the basis of the present work.     

磁场中激光牵引热解石墨的理论与实验研究

利用钕铁硼永磁体搭建了悬浮平台,抗磁性物质热解石墨片做悬浮物,在光热效应下,研究了激光牵引磁悬浮热解石墨的运动机制.从悬浮物受力公式出发,将其分为磁场与热场2部分影响,结合Matlab给出理论公式与实验方案,通过实验验证了理论的自洽性.使用COMSOL进行数值模拟,给出定位情况下的受力情况、磁场分布以及热场分布等.使用COMSOL建立了相关APP,可以得到磁铁序列的磁场分布、势场分布、热解石墨片的热场分布及其在磁场中任意位置的受力.     

光中子源上吸收片功能研究

15 MeV电子直线加速器驱动的光中子源装置,将用于中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“钍基熔盐堆”中的核数据初步测量工作、中子探测器的研制和反应堆相关材料的辐照研究等。光中子源的中子能谱是连续的,中子能量通过中子飞行时间法测量得到,需要利用吸收片确认中子吸收峰,刻度飞行时间,计算等效飞行距离,扣除实验本底等,而实验本底的扣除对最终总截面计算有很大的影响。因此通过Geant4蒙特卡罗模拟软件构建了包括中子源、吸收片在内的模拟实验环境;研究了不同吸收片的吸收谱和吸收片厚度的关系,同理论计算值进行了比较,给出了推荐的吸收片厚度值;模拟计算了中子飞行时间谱,并和实验测量结果比较,确定中子等效飞行距离为5.70 m。Geant4的理论计算也可以模拟出多吸收片本底函数曲线,可用于实验数据的本底扣除和误差分析。实验测量、模拟分析以及理论公式计算的吸收片厚度和中子飞行时间参数得到了完全一致的结果,验证了实验测量的可靠性。A photo-neutron source driven by a 15 MeV electron LINAC is built for the "Strategic Priority Research Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences-the "thorium-based molten salt reactor" project to conduct the nuclear data measurement work,develop neutron detector and carry out reactor material irradiation studies.Since the neutron energy spectrum is continuous,the neutron energy is measured by the time of flight (TOF) method,and neutron filters are needed to confirm absorption peaks,calibrate the TOF,calculate the equivalent flight distance,and remove the experimental background which has great influence on the calculation accuracy of the total cross section.Based on the Monte Carlo simulation tool,Geant4 a simulation environment is set up,including neutron source and neutron filters,to study the energy absorption spectra and thickness of different filters and recommended data for the thickness are provided.The neutron TOF spectra are simulated and compared with experimental measurement,deciding the equivalent TOF distance to be 5.7 m.Geant4 can also simulate the background curve of multiple filters and be used to remove background and analyze errors for the experimental data.All the experiments,simulation and theoretical calculation show consistent results on filter thickness and neutron TOF parameters,indicating the accuracy of the measurement.     

氧等离子体改性的聚苯胺/碳纳米管电化学性能

由乳液聚合法制备聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合电极材料,再利用感应耦合氧等离子体源对其进行射频放电处理,制得改性后的复合材料,进一步研究氧等离子体处理时间对材料表面性质和电化学性能的影响。通过SEM和FTIR对复合材料的表面形貌和组成进行分析和表征,结果显示复合材料在改性后的微观形貌均一,粒径变小且颗粒间团聚减轻,材料表面引入了羟基官能团。电化学测试表明,经氧等离子体改性处理10 min后,聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料具有突出的电化学特性,比电容为287.8 F.g-1,为改性前的1.7倍,同时等效串联电阻(ESR)降低了67.7%,是一种优良的超级电容器电极材料。由此也表明氧等离子体改性是一种高效的电极材料改性方法。     

P同位素的质子滴线核研究

研究了在相对论平均场近似下P同位素的滴线核的性质,首先在理论上探讨了25P作为P的滴线核存在的可能性及其可能具有的质子晕结构,然后给出了在兰州放射性束流装置上25P的实验鉴别结果. Great progress was made on the study of P isotope both in theory and in experiments, but the final conclusion about the dripline of P isotope has not been made. In this article the properties of P isotope was studied in the frame work of relativistic mean field (RMF). First the probability of 25P as the dripline nuclei of P isotope and the proton halo structure of 25P was discussed, and then the RIBLL experiental result of 25P is presented.     

铜镍合金丝电爆炸放电特性与时空演化行为

脉冲电流驱动金属丝电爆炸可产生具有较高能量密度的等离子体,并伴随脉冲电磁辐射、强冲击波等效应,广泛应用于Z箍缩、电热化学武器、油气助采等领域;与纯金属相比,合金具备电阻率高、成分可调、相变复杂等特点,在电爆炸效应参数的调控方面具有很大潜力。开展了大气空气介质中铜、镍、铜镍（康铜）丝在微秒时间尺度电脉冲作用下电爆炸实验研究,通过放电参数与自辐射图像诊断,获取电爆炸过程放电参数与时空演变的特性规律,得到脉冲电流作用下合金电爆炸在相变与等离子体方面的特征。实验发现,在电爆炸早期,铜镍合金的高电阻率能够提高能量沉积效率：铜52%、镍74%、铜镍合金78%;而相爆开始后,合金丝负载则更接近纯镍丝负载性能。等离子体通道早期膨胀速率在5 mm/μs量级,随后迅速衰减;合金丝等离子体膨胀时间更久,击穿后平均电阻率上升缓慢,且等离子体辐射与金属爆炸产物在空间尺度上存在关联性。特别地,铜镍合金气溶胶分层同时具有横向和纵向特征（特征尺度10⁻¹ mm）,但整体较铜气溶胶更为均匀。     

三重四级杆气相色谱–串联质谱联用仪的校准

参考JJF 1164–2006《台式气相色谱–质谱联用仪校准规范》,探讨了三重四级杆气相色谱–串联质谱联用仪的校准方法,提出了以分辨力、定性定量重复性、检出限、质量准确性与谱库检索等5项作为相关校准项目。经验证,用该校准方法对三重四级杆气相色谱–串联质谱联用仪进行校准是可行的。