低能离子诱导拟南芥基因组不稳定性的研究

体细胞同源重组产生的DNA重排、 缺失和复制等是基因组不稳定的重要指标, 以拟南芥菜GUS基因重组报告系R2L100和R3L66为实验材料, 以体细胞同源重组频率（每个植株上的GUS斑点数目）作为评估标准, 研究低能Ar+离子和α粒子辐射对植物基因组稳定性的影响。 结果表明: 30 keV的Ar+离子辐照拟南芥干种子, 在500×1013—3 000×1013 ions/cm2剂量范围内, 同源重组频率与对照相比明显升高, 最大值是对照的2.4倍; 3.3 MeV的α粒子辐照萌发4 d后的幼苗, 同源重组频率随着剂量的增加呈先增后降的变化趋势, 最大值是对照的1.9倍, 对应的辐照剂量是10 Gy。 以上实验结果表明, 低穿透能力的辐射能有效增加植物基因组的不稳定性。 α粒子辐照拟南芥菜幼苗的根, 未受到辐照的地上部分的同源重组频率较对照增加2.5倍, 表明低能离子诱导的基因组不稳定信号在植物个体水平是可以长程输运的。 以上结果从另一个侧面解释了低能离子的诱变机制。 The somatic homologous recombination was frequently used to evaluate genome stability because it can result in DNA changes, such as rearrangement, deletion and duplication. In this paper, we used Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic for GUS recombination substrate (R2L100 and R3L66) to study the genomic instability induced by low energy ion and α particle characteristic of short penetrating properties. The dry seeds of R3L66 line were irradiated by 30 keV Argon ion, the Homologous Recombination Frequency (HRF) had a significant increase at dose range of 500×1013—3 000×1013 ions/cm2. The highest level of HRF was 2.42 fold over the control. The 3.3 MeV α particles were used to radiate 4 day old seedlings of R2L100 line. The HRFs had a dose dependent increase at dose of 1—10 Gy, and a dose dependent decrease at 10—100 Gy. The highest level of HRF induced by α particle was 1.9 fold over control at the dose of 10 Gy. These results indicate that short penetrating irradiation can effectively trigger the plant genomic instability at the level of plant. The local irradiation on the roots of R2L100 by α particle resulted in a 2.5 fold increase of HRF in non irradiated aerial plant,which indicates that a signal of genomic instability generated by α particle radiation can systemically travel in whole plant. It is possible that the genome instability induced by low energy ion is a major part of its mutagenic mechanism.     

Nd-Ba-Cu-O高温超导体的高分辨电子显微术研究

用电子衍射和高分辨电子显微术研究了Nd-Ba-Cu-O高温超导体,主相属正交晶系,具有畸变钙钛矿亚结构的三倍超结构,晶胞参数为a=3.84?,b=3.87?,c=11.7?,样品中存在大量的缺陷,用点阵象技术观察到刃位错,反向畴,并借助结构象确定了NdBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ的结构模型。在不同成象条件下,高分辨电子显微象上或者重原子为白点,或者氧原子为白点,当成象条件适当时,可以在象上区分氧原子和氧空位。 关键词：     

A revised version of the program VEC （visual computing in electron crystallography）

The program package VEC (Visual computing in Electron Crystallography) has been revised such that (i) a program converting one-line symbols to two-line symbols of (3+1)-dimensional superspace groups has been incorporated into VEC so that the latter can interpret both kinds of symbols; (ii) a bug in calculating structure factors of one-dimensionally incommensurate modulated crystals has been fixed. The correction has been verified by successfully matching the experimental electron microscopy image of an incommensurate crystal with a series of simulated images. The precompiled revised version of VEC and relevant materials are available on the Web at http://cryst.iphy.ac.cn.     

蛋白质电子晶体学

介绍了蛋白质电子晶体学的基本概念，研究对象以及电子显微学三维重构的原理，概括地描述了蛋白质二维晶体生长技术、电镀样品的制备与观察方法和数据处理流程，通过一些典型事例，说明了蛋白质电子晶体学的发展现状，并展望了该学科的发展前景。     

α粒子辐照诱导拟南芥菜早期远程表观遗传改变研究

由于低能离子较低的组织穿透能力, 其诱变机理一直是研究者争论的问题。 近年来, 本研究组的一系列研究工作已经证明在植物中存在辐射远程（诱变）效应, 从一个新的角度解释了低能离子的诱变机理, 然而依然无法解释低能离子辐照中的许多独特生物现象, 而这些现象均具有明显的表观遗传学特性。 以表观遗传学最具标志性特征的胞嘧啶甲基化为研究对象, 以α粒子 拟南芥菜根辐照实验体系作为研究平台, 检测了远程组织(器官)甲基化相关基因 AtDML3 的表达及特定基因片段的甲基化水平。 研究证实, 在植物个体水平辐射可以诱导远程表观遗传的变化, 为进一步探索低能离子的诱变机理提供了新的思路。 Along the way, the mutagenic mechanism of low energy ions irradiation is a debatable issue. Recently, the existence of radiation induced long range (mutagenic) effects in vivo in plants has been performed in a series of studies of our group, which account for the mutagenesis of low energy ions irradiation in a new perspective. However, numerous distinct biology phenomena remain to be addressed, which bear obvious characteristics to epigenetic. In the present study, using the expression of methylation related AtDML3 gene and methylation level of specific gene segments as end points, the methylation of cytosine, the most important feature of epigenetic, was investigated. It was shown that, in A. thaliana, root loca lized α irradiation could induce epigenetic changes in aerial parts which avoided the direct irradiation. The radiation induced long range epigenetic changes were confirmed in this study, which supplied innovative ideas for the further investigation of the mutagenetic mechanism of low energy ions irradiation.     

用高分辨电子显微镜测定晶体结构

本文提出一个把高分辨电子显微图和相应的选区电子衍射图结合起来以测定晶体结构的方法. 此法可解决从电子衍射数据求解结构振幅绝对值的问题, 亦可解决各种衍射分析所共有的相角间题. 所得结构图像的分辨本领将优于电子显微图, 而有可能接近于衍射分辨极限. 关键词：     

碱土-铈氟碳酸盐矿物晶体结构中的无序堆垛和交生

用晶格象技术研究了同时含有钙和钡的铈氟碳酸盐矿物,发现这类矿物的晶体是由不同组分的钙-铈氟碳酸盐矿物和不同组分的钡-铈氟碳酸盐矿物单层无序堆垛而成,在百埃数量级的范围内,观察到不同组分钙-铈氟碳酸盐矿物的交生现象,由此提出伦琴钙铈矿可能有一种新的多型体。研究结果显示了晶格象技术直接观察这类矿物晶体结构的优越性。 关键词：     

Ce1+εFe4B4一维成分无公度结构的研究

本文用X射线粉末衍射和电子衍射的方法,研究了Ce-Fe-B合金中的富B相Ce_1+εFe₄B₄的晶体结构,发现该化合物具有一种罕见的晶体结构——烟囱-梯子型的一维成分无公度结构,是由两套亚结构即Fe-B亚结构和Ce亚结构所组成,两套亚结构都具有四方对称性,其点阵常数α值相同。Ce_1+εFe₄B₄在室温的点阵常数α=0.7068 nm,c_Fe-B=0.3902 nm,c_Ce=0.3440 nm。在950℃粉末淬炼后的点阵常数α=0.7065nm,c_Fe-B=0.3887 nm,c_Ce=0.3563 nm。Fe-B亚结构的空间群为P4₂/ncm,Ce亚结构的空间群为I4/mmm。     

3C-SiC薄膜小角晶界附近位错核心的原子组态研究

用LaB₆灯丝200 kV高分辨透射电镜拍摄了有小角晶界的3C-SiC/(001)Si 薄膜的[110]高分辨电子显微像. 用像解卷技术把本不直接反映晶体结构的实验像转化为结构像. 首先, 从完整区的结构像中分辨开间距仅为0.109 nm的Si和C原子柱; 随后按赝弱相位物体近似像衬理论, 分析像衬随晶体厚度的变化规律, 辨认出Si和C原子; 进而在原子水平上得出小角晶界附近两个复合位错的核心结构, 构建了结构模型并计算了模拟像. 实验像与模拟像的一致程度验证了结构模型的正确性. 于是, 在已知完整晶体结构的前提下, 仅从一帧实验高分辨像出发, 推演出原子的种类和位错核心的原子组态. 还讨论了3C-SiC 小角晶界的形成与晶界附近出现复合位错的关系.     

Ce1+εFe4B4合金一维无公度调制结构的透射电子显微镜研究

用电子衍射和高分辨电子显微术研究了永磁合金Ce₁₅Fe(77)B₀中富硼相Ce_1+εFe₄B₄(ε≈0.1)的晶体结构,确定了Ce_1+εFe₄B₄合金具有烟囱-梯子型一维无公度调制结构,它由Ce原子和Fe-B原子团分别组成的两套亚结构相互嵌套形成。Ce亚结构晶胞参数为a=7.08?,c_Ce=3.51—3.60? 关键词：