薄膜法X射线荧光光谱对重金属铬元素检测研究

研究了重金属Cr元素薄膜法X射线荧光(XRF)光谱分析中的滤膜,结果表明亲水性聚四氟乙烯滤膜对Cr元素富集具有较好的均匀性,并且对该滤膜上Cr元素进行XRF光谱测量具有较好的灵敏度。利用亲水性聚四氟乙烯滤膜对不同浓度的Cr元素进行富集,并且利用XRF光谱进行测试,结果表明当Cr元素的面积浓度在3.84~167μg·cm-2范围内时,Cr元素XRF光谱中Kα特征谱线的积分荧光强度与Cr元素的面积浓度之间具有非常好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.996,检测限为0.3μg·cm-2。对实验室水龙头出来的自来水水样进行加标回收实验,得到回收率在93.85%~101.95%之间,相对标准偏差小于2%。因此,以亲水性聚四氟乙烯滤膜为富集滤膜的薄膜法XRF光谱分析法,能够很好地应用于水样中重金属Cr元素的分析与检测。     

基于色素特征荧光光谱的浮游植物分类测量方法

光合作用色素组成是浮游植物分类的重要依据。通过对蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻、甲藻和隐藻等5个门类浮游植物三维荧光光谱的差异性分析,提取了与叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素c、类胡萝卜素、藻蓝蛋白和藻红蛋白等光合色素相关的36个特征荧光光谱点,提出了基于色素特征荧光光谱的不同门类浮游植物分类测量方法。对铜绿微囊藻、小球藻、桅杆藻、光甲藻和卵形隐藻的实验结果表明:色素特征荧光光谱法对5种藻类纯种样品的测量误差分别为5.15%、5.63%、7.90%、4.85%、6.55%,对优势藻类(质量分数高于50%)的测量误差分别为7.96%、8.69%、5.44%、10.78%、15.57%,对劣势藻类(质量分数低于30%)的测量误差分别为18.29%、17.52%、20.01%、29.11%、20.14%,测量结果准确度达到了三维荧光光谱法水平,但数据量和计算时间仅是三维荧光光谱法的1.1%和2.2%,是一种快速有效的浮游植物分类测量方法。     

基于梯形模糊综合分析法的弹药维修安全风险评估

针对弹药维修的复杂性和特殊性,提出了一种基于梯形模糊综合分析法的弹药维修安全风险评估的方法.从环境、管理、人员、设备和物资等5个方面考虑,建立了弹药维修安全风险评估指标体系;鉴于人判断的模糊性和判断矩阵一致性检验要求,采用了基于梯形模糊数期望值的层次分析法确定指标的权重系数;建立了基于梯形模糊综合分析法的弹药维修安全风险评估模型.通过对某弹药维修工厂的实例分析证明,所建立的弹药安全风险评估模型合理、科学、有效,能够为制定相应的法规提供理论的支撑.     

Tuning the phase separation in La_(0.325)Pr_(0.3)Ca_(0.375)MnO_3 using the electric double-layer field effect

Electric double-layer field effect experiments were performed on ultrathin films of La0.325Pr0.3Ca0.375MnO3, which is noted for its micrometer-scale phase separation. A clear change of resistance up to 220% was observed and the characteristic metal–insulator transition temperature TPwas also shifted. The changes of both the resistance and TPsuggest that the electric field induced not only tuning of the carrier density but also rebalancing of the phase separation states. The change of the charge-ordered insulating phase fraction was estimated to be temperature dependent, and a maximum of 16% was achieved in the phase separation regime. This tuning effect was partially irreversible, which might be due to an oxygen vacancy migration that is driven by the huge applied electric field.     

Optical design and analysis of illumination system based on augmented reality北大核心CSCD

照明系统是增强现实光学系统的重要组成部分,其体积、照度均匀性、能量利用率直接影响增强现实照明系统的质量,因此在照明系统中对光源二次配光非常重要。针对增强现实系统的自由曲面透镜形式和照明系统开展研究,重点分析准直系统集光角度与体积的对应关系,在对光源准直系统的面型构建详细分析基础上,对中心透射边缘反射的折反射式准直系统的面型进行求解,结合偏微分方程法和划分网格法,设计了自由曲面透镜,该系统与偏振分光棱镜共同组成硅基液晶（liquid crystal on silicon,LCoS）照明系统。仿真分析结果表明:系统照度均匀性达到91.96%,若不计偏振影响,照明系统光学效率达到66.6%。该系统具有结构简单紧凑、体积小、质量轻、照度均匀性高等特点,满足增强现实眼镜的需求。     

Dynamically controlled asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized waves in VO2-integrated Dirac semimetal metamaterials

We numerically demonstrated a novel chiral metamaterial to achieve broadband asymmetric transmission (AT) of linearly polarized electromagnetic waves in terahertz (THz) band. The proposed metamaterial unit cell exhibits no rotational symmetry with vanadium dioxide (VO$_{2}$) inclusion embedded between Dirac semimetals (DSMs) pattern. The resonant frequency of AT can be dynamically tunable by varying the Fermi energy ($E_{\rm F}$) of the DSMs. The insulator-to-metal phase transition of VO$_{2}$ enables the amplitude of the AT to be dynamically tailored. The transmission coefficient $|T_{yx}|$ can be adjusted from 0.756 to nearly 0 by modifying the conductivity of VO$_{2}$. Meanwhile, the AT parameter intensity of linearly polarized incidence can be actively controlled from 0.55 to almost 0, leading to a switch for AT. When VO$_{2}$ is in its insulator state, the proposed device achieves broadband AT parameter greater than 0.5 from 1.21 THz to 1.80 THz with a bandwidth of 0.59 THz. When the incident wave propagates along the backward ($-z$) direction, the cross-polarized transmission $|T_{yx}|$ reaches a peak value 0.756 at 1.32 THz, whereas the value of $|T_{xy}|$ well below 0.157 in the concerned frequency. On the other hand, the co-polarized transmission $|T_{xx}|$ and $|T_{yy}|$ remained equal in the whole frequency range. This work provides a novel approach in developing broadband, tunable, as well as switchable AT electromagnetic devices.     

水体中溶解有机物的荧光光谱特性分析

以355 nm激光为激发光源,在实验室中利用激光诱导荧光(LIF)方法对不同水体中溶解有机物(DOM)的荧光光谱进行了测量,并以最小二乘法-高斯拟合对水体荧光光谱进行了拟合,解卷积得出了水喇曼散射谱及DOM的荧光光谱.在改变激发光脉冲强度的条件下,以一定浓度腐殖酸溶液为测量样品分析了DOM的荧光饱和特性.结果表明,随着激发光功率密度的增加,水喇曼散射强度线性增加,而DOM的荧光强度随着激发光功率密度的增加先是线性增加,此时归一化荧光强度为一恒定值.当激发光功率密度大于55 mW/cm2时, 荧光强度增加缓慢,归一化荧光强度则逐渐降低.研究发现,在有机物浓度较高时,出现了激发态分子间的单重态-单重态猝灭,并且在低浓度情况下,随着有机物浓度的增加,出现了有机物荧光峰值强度位置的红移并伴有波形的展宽.     

Keggin结构型硅钨酸催化β-萘酚与醛的缩合反应

以keggin型硅钨酸为催化剂,β-萘酚、醛为原料,在乙醇和无溶剂两种体系中,分别合成了1,1’-烷基(芳基)二-2-萘酚和14-烷基(芳基)-14H-二苯并[a,j]氧杂蒽两类化合物.该方法不仅反应时间短,产率高,后处理简单易分离,而且催化剂价廉易得,对环境友好.     

霍尔天平材料的多场调控

霍尔天平材料中层间耦合作用易于调控,基于此可以实现多组态磁存储模式,其区别于当前基于自旋阀或者磁性隧道结的传统二组态磁存储原理.与此同时,还可以在存储单元中实现信息的逻辑运算从而提高器件整体的运算效率.这一设计有利于自旋电子学器件的微型化、集成化,有望从物理原理上解决当前基于自旋阀或者磁性隧道结的传统二组态自旋电子学材...     

毛细管电泳技术在天然黄酮类物质测定中的应用评述

综述了近年来毛细管电泳技术在天然黄酮类物质分离中的应用,简要概括了不同分离模式的应用情况,并列举了部分黄酮物质的分离实例.