星载多角度偏振成像仪偏振辐射测量的理论误差分析

星载多角度偏振成像仪可以获取目标的多角度偏振辐射信息,探测精度是重要的技术指标。为研究仪器的测量精度及相关的误差因素,以Stokes-Mueller为数学描述方法,分析仪器的原理和光路结构特点,从理论上推导了仪器的偏振辐射测量模型,并通过实验初步验证了镜头Mueller模型的正确性。在考虑目标光各种偏振态的情况下,分析了非理想光学器件重要参数对目标光偏振度测量结果的影响,得到了偏振度测量误差与通道相对透射率、空间高频相对透射率/响应率、线偏振片振透轴方位角、镜头线性双向衰减这四种参数偏差之间的关系。按照仪器探测精度要求,结合各参数偏差对应误差最敏感的目标光偏振态,从理论上提出了各重要参数的误差容限。该研究为整个仪器的研制、定标及后期数据处理提供了理论依据。     

Investigation of the inhibiting outdiffusion of erbium atoms to a silicon-on-insulator surface after annealing at high temperature

The annealing behaviour of 400 keV Er ions at a fluence of 2×1015 cm-2 implanted into silicon-on-insulator(SOI) samples is investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry of 2.1 MeV He2+ ions with a multiple scattering model.It is found that the damage close to the SOI surface is almost removed after being annealed in O2 and N2 atmospheres,successively,at ℃,and that only a small number of the Er atoms segregated to the surface of the SOI sample,whereas a large number of Er atoms diffused to a deeper position because of the affinity of Er for oxygen.For the SOI sample co-implanted with Er and O ions,there is no evident outdiffusion of Er atoms to the SOI surface after being annealed in N2 atmosphere at ℃.     

爱因斯坦转盘上的热平衡及其时空对偶性

分别用狭义和广义相对论解出了爱因斯坦转盘上的热平衡流体系统内固有温度对柱坐标的依赖关系T0(ρ).结果表明,运动温度的收缩只与子系统的速度有关而与加速度无关.考虑到引力场中坐标温度的均恒性,爱因斯坦转盘与早期宇宙的时空对偶性直接给出宇宙介质固有温度反比于标度因子R(t)的结论. 关键词： 热平衡 弯曲时空 坐标温度 早期宇宙     

空间振幅调制光谱偏振测量技术信息提取研究

基于空间振幅调制的偏振测量技术,通过由复合光楔和检偏器组成的偏振调制模块将入射光偏振信息调制到空间维,再结合色散模块能够在单次测量中同时获取目标的偏振信息和光谱信息。首先,介绍了系统测量原理,推导出系统调制和解调方程。然后,通过对解调方程的分析,证明了系统具有区分不同偏振态入射光的能力,评估了检偏角对测量结果的不确定度和系统调制效率的影响。最后,给出了系统空间维和光谱维的定标方法,利用系统原理样机进行了偏振测量实验。实验结果表明,系统偏振度测量误差小于0.060,斯托克斯参数Q、U、V的测量误差分别小于0.052、0.035、0.057,测量结果说明了理论分析的正确性。     

Jet shape modification at LHC energies by JEWEL

Jet shape measurements are employed to explore the microscopic evolution mechanisms of parton-medium interaction in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In this study, jet shape modifications are quantified in terms of the fragmentation function F(z), relative momentum p_T~(rel), density of charged particles p(r), jet angularity girth, jet momentum dispersion p_T~(disp),and LeS ub for proton-proton(pp) collisions at 0.9, 2.76. 5.02, 7,and 13 TeV, as well as for lead-lead collisions at 2.76 TeV and 5.02 TeV by JEWEL. A differential jet shape parameter Dgirth is proposed and studied at a smaller jet radius r 0.3. The results indicate that the medium has the dominant effect on jet shape modification, which also has a weak dependence on the center-of-mass energy. Jet fragmentation is enhanced significantly at very low z 0.02, and fragmented jet constituents are linearly spread to larger jet-radii for p_T~(rel) 1. The waveform attenuation phenomena is observed in p_T~(rel),girth, and Dgirth distributions. The results obtained for D_(girth) from pp to Pb + Pb, where the wave-like distribution in pp collision is ahead of Pb + Pb collisions at small jetradii, indicates a strong medium effect.     

基于低温辐射计的InGaAs陷阱探测器高精度光辐射定标研究

介绍了以InGaAs陷阱探测器作为传递探测器,基于低温辐射计的高精度光辐射定标和标准传递实验与研究。在红外(944-1589nm)三个波长初步给出了InGaAs陷阱探测器绝对光谱响应率定标结果。InGaAs陷阱探测器绝对光谱响应率的联合不确定最大为0.655%,最小为0.026%。     

Correlation effects on the fine-structure splitting within the 3d~9 ground configuration in highly-charged Co-like ions

A comprehensive theoretical study of correlation effects on the fine-structure splitting within the ground configuration3d~9 of the Co-like Hf~(45+),Ta~(46+),W~(47+),and Au~(52+) ions is performed by employing the multi-configuration Dirac-HartreeFock method in the active space approximation.It shows that the core-valence correlation with the inner-core 2p electron is more significant than with the outer 3p and 3s electrons,and the correlation with the 2s electron is also noticeable.The core-core correlation seems to be small and can be ignored.The calculated ~2D_(3/2,5/2) splitting energies agree with the recent electron-beam ion-trap measurements[Phys.Rev.A 83 032517(2011),Eur.Phys.J.D 66 286(2012)]to within the experimental uncertainties.     

剧毒卡罗藻GM5株中标志性毒素4,5-dihydro-KmTx2的色谱制备

建立了剧毒卡罗藻GM5株中标志性毒素4,5-dihydro-KmTx2的分离纯化体系, 通过高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS)对其纯化效果进行评价. 过滤后的培养液经大型固相萃取柱(YMC-GEL ODS-A-HG, 80 cm×10 cm, 12 nm, S-50 μm)进行富集, 依次用体积分数为10%、40%和60%的甲醇溶液进行淋洗, 体积分数为80%的甲醇溶液进行洗脱, 得到目标化合物粗提液(纯度为51.3％). 采用半制备型高效液相色谱技术进一步分离纯化, 使得目标化合物纯度高达93.2％. 该方法提取及纯化效率高, 可操作性强, 可以为4,5-dihydro- KmTx2的规模化生产及功能活性研究提供技术支持.     

小硅藻光合作用脂13 C稳定同位素定量标记分析

以小硅藻( Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima)作为研究对象,利用超高压液相色谱联用四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱技术,研究了处于平台期的小硅藻中的光合作用脂被13 C标记的程度和速度。结果显示：在平台期13 C人工标记的10天内,所有4类光合作用脂均被13 C明显标记,其中二酰甘油双半乳糖脂( DG-DG)、磷脂酰甘油( PG)、二酰甘油硫代糖脂( SQDG)被13 C标记的总量,从刚进入平台期到平台期第8天逐渐增加,此后出现下降趋势,在第8天分别达到最大值(173±24) ng/mg,(473±41) ng/mg 及(1224±21) ng/mg,标记率分别达到56.3%,38.4%和62.6%;而二酰甘油单半乳糖脂(MGDG)被13C标记的总量在整个平台期呈现持续上升趋势,并在第10天达到(956±51) ng/mg,标记率为87.3%。可见,不同脂质在藻体内合成的先后时间有差别,为了清晰地了解生物摄食过程中对微藻中特定脂类的同化机理,需要藻体内被13 C标记的每类脂质含量的最大化,针对DGDG、PG、SQDG,应选取标记了8天的微藻来投喂生物,而针对MGDG,则应选取标记了10天的微藻投喂生物。     

酸性染料在四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱中的离子化与裂解规律

采用四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(Q-Orbitrap-HRMS),对结构性质差异大的常见18种酸性染料的分子离子峰存在形式进行研究,并在分辨率高达70 000条件下,直接采集准分子离子峰碎裂片段的高精度质量数(分辨率>70 000,m/z 200),通过元素模拟得到碎片离子的元素组成,进而探究酸性红1、酸性蓝9和酸性红18的裂解规律。结果表明:该类染料的分子离子峰是通过丢掉全部Na⁺离子后,自身形成带负电荷离子,以其中含有多个磺酸基(SO^-₃)的二价准分子离子为基峰;随着能量增加,裂解过程主要集中在化合物支链单键上,其中偶氮基团结构存在叠氮-偶氮的互变异构体,高键能的偶氮键■重排为氮氮单键(—NH—■后,易发生C—N键和—NH—■键的断裂,同时伴随小分子的中性丢失,产生m/z 79.955 7(SO^-₃离子)的特征碎片离子。此外,通过直接进样确定18种酸性染料的最佳电离方式和分子离子峰存在形式,得到酸性红1、酸性蓝9和酸性红18的质谱裂解规律,可为相似染料的电喷雾质谱...