抗氧化微量元素与心血管疾病的防治

综述了硒、锌、铜等微量元素与心血管疾病存在相关性的各项动物及临床干预试验。许多研究证明,通过参与抗氧化酶的构成及自身作用或协同作用,抗氧化微量元素能抵御脂质过氧化物的堆积,降低血小板的聚集性,从而与抗氧化维生素一起防止心血管疾病的发生。     

Y2O3:Ho/Yb纳米晶的上转换发光性质

采用燃烧法制备了不同尺寸和不同掺杂浓度的Y2O3：Ho／Yb纳米晶,并系统地研究了颗粒尺寸对Y2O3：Ho／Yb纳米晶发光性质的影响。研究发现,随着尺寸的减小,发射强度和荧光分支比均发生了显著变化,Ho^3 的整体发射强度降低,但5^F5→^5I8的红光发射比^5S2(^5F4)→^5I8的绿光发射的荧光分支比增强。尺寸减小,表面原子更易吸附空气中的水和二氧化碳,引入一些较大的振动模式,从而增大了无辐射跃迁的速率,荧光分支比随尺寸的变化被归因于表面效应引起的无辐射弛豫过程^5S2(^5F4)→^5F5和^5I6→^5I7的增强。     

利用离子交换法制备银沉积二氧化钛纳米结构及其光催化性能的研究

通过将水热法制备的钛酸盐纳米管,质子化得到氢基钛酸盐纳米管(H-TNTs)后,利用离子交换法,在碱性条件下,制备出银沉积二氧化钛纳米结构(Ag@TiO2).采用XRD、TEM、XPS、DRS等手段对不同工艺下制备的Ag@TiO2的形貌、结构、组成和光学性能进行了表征,并以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了其光催化活性.研究发现,利用离子交换的方法,可以将银以单质银的形式均匀沉积在二氧化钛纳米结构中,随着煅烧温度的升高,Ag@TiO2光催化剂的形貌由管状结构转变成棒状结构,在长度不断减小的同时,直径不断增大,同时结晶度逐步提高.550℃煅烧的Ag@TiO2的光催化活性最好,以其为光催化剂,60 mL 20 mg·L-的甲基橙在1.5h时降解完全.     

差分进化算法研究进展

差分进化算法是一类当前较有实力的实参随机优化算法,已成功解决很多实际问题.由于算法结构简单易于执行,控制参数少且有较强的搜索能力,差分进化算法吸引了众多进化算法学者的关注.本文概述了差分进化算法的基本概念,综述了差分进化算法的主要变体,讨论它们的优缺点,并指出下一步的改进方向.     

A first-principles study of B2 NiAl alloyed with rare earth element Pr, Pm, Sm, and Eu

The structural, elastic, and electronic properties of NiAl alloyed with rare earth elements Pr, Pm, Sm, and Eu are investigated by using density functional theory (DFT). The study suggests that Pr, Pm, Sm, and Eu are all tend to be substituted for Al site. Ni₈Al₇Pm possesses the largest ductility. Only the hardness and ductility of Ni₈Al₇Eu are enhanced simultaneously. The covalency strength of Ni-Al bond in Ni₈Al₇Pm is higher than that in Ni₈Al₇Eu. The covalency strength of Al-Al bond and that of Ni-Ni bond in Ni₈Al₇Eu are higher than that in Ni₈Al₇Pm. Ni-Pm bond and Ni-Eu bond are covalent, and the covalency strength of Ni-Pm bond is greater. Al-Pm bond and Al-Eu bond show great covalency strength and ionicity, respectively.     

我国的新型煤化工产业——煤制甲醇

对我国新型煤化工产业煤气化生产合成气和煤制甲醇的生产工艺作了介绍,涉及煤资源综合利用、低碳绿色化学工业、反应条件的选择以及我国新型煤化工产业的发展特点和成就等.     

Terahertz coherent transition radiation based on an ultrashort electron bunching beam

The experimental result of terahertz (THz) coherent transition radiation generated from an ultrashort electron bunching beam is reported.During this experiment,the window for THz transmission from ultrahigh vacuum to free air is tested.The compact measurement system which can simultaneously test the THz wave power and frequency is built and proofed.With the help of improved Martin-Puplett interferometer and Kramers-Krong transform,the longitudinal bunch length is measured.The results show that the peak power of THz radiation wave is more than 80 kW,and its radiation frequency is from 0.1 THz to 1.5 THz.     

ICP-MS法测定陶瓷食品包装容器中的重金属

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定了陶瓷食品包装容器中的重金属元素铅、镉、铬、钴、镍、锌、锑,并对影响测量的各因素进行了详细的研究。该方法的检出限为0.002～0.18 μg·L-1,加标回收率为95.8%～104.4%,相对标准偏差为1.1%～3.3%。该方法快速、简便、具有较好的准确度和精密度,对进出品陶瓷制品的日常检验提供了依据。     

Polar Dependence of Threading Dislocation Density in GaN Films Grown by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition

We investigate the threading dislocation(TD) density in N-polar and Ga-polar GaN films grown on sapphire substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition.X-ray diffraction results reveal that the proportion of screw type TDs in N-polar GaN is much larger and the proportion of edge type TDs is much smaller than that in Ga-polar.Transmission electron microscope results show that the interface between the AlN nucleation layer and the GaN layer in N-polar films is smoother than that in Ga-polar films,which suggests different growth modes of GaN.This observation explains the encountered difference in screw and edge TD density.A model is proposed to explain this phenomenon.     

液体薄层中的超声空化*

液体薄层中的超声空化,因其边界及所处空间的特殊性,而呈现出非常独特的空化结构和演化行为,在超声清洗、超声钎焊、表面处理、近场声悬浮、超声化学等领域都有所应用。该文梳理了近几年该课题组在液体薄层中的超声空化研究中的一些成果,力图揭示液体薄层内空泡、空化云、空化场的运动和分布规律,及其产生、发展和演化过程,以期对液体薄层中的超声空化行为有一个相对清晰和完整的认识。