试探物理开放型习题教学

传统的物理习题课教学大多采用低效高耗的“题海战术”，结果害了学生，也苦了教师．怎样才能在习题课的教学中既减轻师生负担，又提高教学效益呢？怎样才能从根本上提高学生对物理问题的解决能力呢？采用开放型习题教学往往会收到意想不到的效果．所谓物理开放型习题是指条件不完备，结论不确定，解题策略多样化的题目．物理开放型习题教学为学生提供了更多的交流与合作的机会，为充分发挥学生的主体作用创造了条件．     

Research on the thermo-characteristics of surface plasmon resonance spectrum

Based on the configuration of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor, the SPR sensor model is set up, and the thermo-properties of various parts in the model are discussed. The thermocharacteristics of SPR spectra in wavelength interrogation and angular interrogation are investigated. Results show that thermo-optic and dispersion effects in the model deteriorate the sensitivity of SPR sensor, especially the thermooptic effects. Mathematical expression is established to describe the resonance wavelength or angle, which is dependent of temperature. It demonstrates that the thermo-property of sensing medium excites the fluctuation of resonance wavelength or angle more intensely than that of the substrate or metal film in 1-2 orders. Our theoretical research is consistent with the previous experimental results.     

β晶型聚丙烯的力学性质

研究了主要含β晶型的聚丙烯在不同温度下的应力-应变性质,并与同一商品牌号得到的α晶型聚丙烯作了对比。发现,β晶型试样的屈服强度低于α晶型,而抗冲击强度则比α晶型试样高1—2倍。结合X射线衍射法对β晶型试样在拉伸过程中发生的晶型转变的研究及形变的分子机制解释了二种晶型试样在力学性质上的差异。     

Two-phase displacement of non-newtonian fluid

This paper considers the problem of non-Newtonian oil displa-cement by water in porous media.adopting the linear permea-tion law with initial pressure gradient.For one-dimensionalflow,the basic equation of non-Newtonian oil displacement bywater in sandstone reservoirs and fractured reservoirs is de-rived and numerical solutions are obtained.The results arecompared with the corresponding ones for Newtonian oil dis-placement to show the essential characteristics of non-Newto-nian oil displacement by water.     

A geometric factor calculation method based on the isotropic flux assumption

One of the instruments onboard the China Seismic Electromagnetic Satellite （CSES） is the Low Energy Particle Detector （LEPD）. The primary objective of LEPD is to provide measurements of the fluxes, energy spectra and pitch angles of 100 keV to 10 MeV electrons and protons from 2 to 50 MeV in the Earth＇s magnetosphere. The geometric factor is one of the principle parameters of a detector, which converts the physical quantity-count rate to the particle quantity-flux. In this paper, we calculated the geometric factor of LEPD via computer modeling of an isotropic radiation environment. It was first demonstrated that the radiation intensity related should obey a cosine-law, then a general sampling method of generating this distribution via GPS of GEANT4 was explained. Furthermore, combined with flux normalization, a comparison of the geometric factor calculation of a set of 2-layer detectors with different shapes （cylinder, truncated cone and rectangle） was performed. Results show a generally good agreement between simulation and analytical calculations for the cylinder and truncated cone detectors, and the result of the rectangular one, for which there is no accurate analytical formula, is consistent with the previous simulated results by others. As a practical instance of the 2-layer rectangle detector, the geometric factor of LEPD is 10.336±0.036 m cm2·sr for 10 MeV proton and 8.211±0.032 m cm2·sr for 8 MeV electron.     

(-)-龙脑手性离子液体的合成

以(-)-龙脑为手性源,与溴乙酰溴通过酯化反应合成溴代乙酸龙脑酯(2);2与4,4'-联吡啶发生取代反应引入两个手性中心制得新型手性离子液体——N,N'-双(龙脑氧甲酰亚甲基)联吡啶.二溴(3.2Br-);3.2Br-与四氟硼酸钾或六氟磷酸钾盐进行阴离子交换制得相应的手性离子液体3.2BF4-或3.PF6-.3.2Br...     

黄芩甙的线性扫描伏安法测定研究

研究了黄芩甙在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的伏安行为。结果表明 ,该修饰电极对黄芩甙产生较强的吸附催化作用 ,催化电流与黄芩甙浓度在 1 .0× 1 0 - 7～ 6.0×1 0 - 5mol·L- 1范围内呈线性关系。利用本法测定了中药黄芩中的黄芩甙的含量 ,效果良好     

β晶相聚丙烯的研究——Ⅲ. 乙丙嵌段共聚物

乙丙嵌段共聚物中的丙烯链段在β晶型成核剂存在下,可在20—140℃结晶成高纯度的β晶型。研究了结晶温度对试样中β晶型的相对含量及试样熔融行为的影响。发现依赖于结晶温度、形成了二类β晶型。在20—100℃淬火形成的β晶型、熔融后会重结晶成稳定的β晶型,在高于100℃结晶则形成稳定的β晶型。研究了β晶型试样的力学性质,发现其屈服强度低于而抗冲强度高于α晶型试样。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定油田水中短链有机酸

The evaporation of water phase has been used to remove a vast amount of inorganic salts and interferingorganic components. The distillate concentrated by rotary evaporator was directly analyzed by means of wide-bore capillary GC column, The coefficients of variation for C_2～C_5 organic acids were 1.9～6.4%. The recov-eries of the acids in the oilfield water were 81.0～106%.     

Spalding公式在脊状表面湍壁摩擦力测量中的应用

在低速风洞中来流速度一定的情况下使用IFA300恒温热线风速仪测量了光滑表面和两种不同尺寸的脊状表面湍流边界层平均速度分布剖面,并验证了试验段湍流发展的充分性;通过应用Spalding壁面公式使用最小二乘法精准拟合了实验测量的边界层内层速度分布曲线,得到了湍流边界层壁面摩擦速度并进一步求得湍流壁面摩擦应力,较准确地计算出脊状表面的虚拟原点位置,并通过与对数律公式拟合结果比较分析,证实了该方法更加准确有效. 最后分别计算了3种实验模型的湍流边界层动量损失厚度. 通过对比脊状表面与光滑表面动量损失厚度和壁面摩擦应力,反映了动量损失厚度的大小与壁面摩擦应力的大小具有一致性,充分证实了脊状表面在湍流中具有一定的减阻效果.