基于对轴对称液桥边缘轮廓拟合的液体表面张力系数测量研究

基于Yang-Laplace公式与液桥平均曲率的关系,研究两平行板间液桥的形貌与表面张力系数的关系,探索出通过对液桥边缘进行轮廓拟合来测量液桥液体的表面张力系数的方法.搭建了一套可以拍摄液桥的边缘放大图的实验平台,利用sobel算子提取边缘信息的Matlab算法,对液桥轮廓进行边缘提取,进而拟合得到液体表面张力系数,计算结果显示表面张力系数的相对误差在5%以内.     

First-Principles Based Model of Spin-state Phase Transition

The nature of spin-state phase transition is investigated with [Fe（C4H4N2）（Pt（CN）4}] that is＂ a novel 3D Hofmann-like compound. The bistability of this system is obtained by the first-principles calculation. It is demonstrated that thermal expansion is the intrinsic force involved in spin-state transition. Based on these results, we suggest a thermal exciting bistable model of spin-state transition with a temperature dependent crystal-field splitting （CFS）. Experimental evidence of spin-state phase transition coincides with our theoretical model. This model approaches something fundamental in the mechanism leading to the transition, and it is important in developing new and practical controllable quantum devices.     

甲烷团簇与氘团簇的团簇源特性比较

利用瑞利散射法测量了特定喷嘴产生的甲烷团簇及氘团簇的大小随背压的变化曲线。将团簇大小的实验值与Hagena理论进行了比较,当背压超过3MPa时,两种团簇的实验值都明显高于理论值。实验发现,特定喷嘴在相同的背压下,常温(298K)甲烷团簇尺寸小于低温(80K)氘团簇尺寸,而甲烷团簇中氢原子数至少是氘团簇中氘原子数的1.98倍。     

Theoretical Investigations on Electronic Structures and Absorption Spectra of Unsymmetrical Metal-coordinated Neo-confused Porphyrin in Various Solvents

Though the photo-physical properties of free base porphyrin are attractive, there are still problems for the materials with weak and narrow range absorption of visible light. The unsymmetrical neo-confused porphyrin derivatives were introduced as novel materials for the improvement of photo-chemical and photo-physical properties. The density function theory(DFT)and time dependent density function theory(TDDFT) were applied to calculate the absorption spectrum of unsymmetrical neo-confused porphyrin(N-CP) and metal-coordinated N-CP in various solutions. The Ni and Zn coordinated neo-confused porphyrin dipole moment values are smaller than the values of prototype porphyrin(Pro P) and N–CP. According to the electrophilicity index ω, Ni coordinated N–CP(Ni–N–CP) is susceptible to the polarity of solvents, while the Zn coordinated derivative(Zn–N–CP) is more immune to the solvent environment. Unlike the Gouterman's four frontier orbital model of common porphyrin materials, the electron transitions of N–CPs and metalcoordinated N–CPs from H–2 or lower molecular orbitals also contribute to ultraviolet and visible absorption. Most of oscillator strength f values of Zn–N–CP are significantly higher than the values of Ni–N–CP, which reflects the higher absorption intensity of Q and Soret bands. The maximum wavelength at 702.2 nm in vacuum drew our attention to the novel material. The broad absorption range, intense red-shifted Q band and higher stability in solvents suggest that N–CPs, especially Zn–N–CP, can be one class of new candidate dye-sensitized materials.     

旋涂法制备KDP晶体减反膜

对KDP晶体旋转涂膜过程中的技术问题进行了探讨,包括元件夹持安全性、膜层均匀性、膜层透射比、膜层疏水性能、膜层激光损伤阈值等。分析了晶体元件加速旋转阶段的受力情况,明确了KDP晶体元件在旋涂操作过程中受力状态的安全性。对不同溶剂体系的膜层均匀性进行了判断,在400 mm尺寸的元件上获得了透射比均匀性为0.3%的减反膜。对溶胶进行稳态剪切流变分析得知,在现有的涂膜转速 (对应剪切速率100~200 s-1)范围内,其粘度随着剪切速率的增加几乎不变,近似牛顿流体。在旋涂过程中,处于基底不同位置的溶胶的粘度大致相等,这是影响膜层均匀性的重要原因之一。膜层疏水性能较好,水接触角测试结果大于152。在SiO2基底上制备的减反膜,1053 nm处透射比大于99.8%。在熔石英基片上制备的三倍频减反膜样品的功能性激光损伤阈值约为10 J/cm2（355 nm, 3 ns）。     

基础实验试题A-1:水钟计时

介绍了第7届全国大学生物理实验竞赛基础实验试题A"流体的流动"第一部分"水钟计时"的实验内容,并给出了参考解答以及竞赛结果分析.通过阅读材料,学生了解基于质量守恒和能量守恒的伯努利方程,利用简单的居家实验器材自组实验装置,探究水钟计时现象.试题考查了学生对水钟计时的理论、随机误差、精度及准确度、表面张力、雷诺数和层流状...     

基础实验试题B:直流电路的研究

介绍了第7届全国大学生物理实验竞赛基础实验试题B的实验内容,给出了参考解答,并分析了竞赛结果.基础实验试题B为直流电路的研究,试题包含电阻的测量、二极管的伏安特性曲线、直流单臂电桥、直流电源的输出特性和电学黑盒子等实验内容.试题在常规实验的基础上,进行了综合、扩展以及提升,比较全面地考查了考生的电学基础知识、实验操作水...     

变价元素铋掺杂钨酸铅晶体辐照损伤的研究

采用剂量为4Mrad的γ射线辐照Bridgman法生长的未掺杂和掺铋钨酸铅晶体,研究了辐照前后晶体的透射光谱、X射线激发发射光谱(XSL)的变化.利用正电子湮没寿命谱(PAT)和X光电子能谱(XPS)的实验手段,对钨酸铅晶体辐照前后的微观缺陷进行了研究,并对其抗辐照损伤性能及微观机理进行了初步探讨.研究表明,铋掺杂使得晶体中的正电子捕获中心和低价氧浓度下降;辐照后,未掺杂晶体中正电子捕获中心浓度下降,低价氧浓度上升,掺铋晶体则出现了与之完全相反的情况,正电子捕获中心浓度上升,低价氧浓度下降.提出掺铋钨酸铅晶体中铋的掺杂辐照前主要以Bi³⁺占据VPb的形式存在,辐照使变价元素铋发生Bi³⁺→Bi⁵⁺的变价行为,Bi⁵⁺可以替代W⁶⁺格位并使得晶体内部分(WO₄)^2－根团形成(BiO₃+V_o)^－.     

An Optical Parametric Amplifier in Photonic Crystals of Nondispersive Medium with Perfect Bloch Phase Matching

One-dimensional photonic crystal of second-order nonlinearity is studied. Among the three waves of the parametric interaction process of down-conversion with a nondispersive medium, two gap-edge localized modes and one travelling-mode are proposed, and an exact phase matching condition is realized using the periodic condition     

Rearrangement of 2-Benzothiazolylthioacetyl Hydrazide in Ethanol Solution of Potassium Hydroxide: Synthesis of s-Triazolo[3,4-b]benzothiazol-3-thiol and Its Derivatives

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