利用光纤马赫曾德干涉仪对金属腐蚀速率进行测量

为了提高对金属腐蚀过程的监测精度,缩短腐蚀过程的实验时间,本文利用所设计的光纤马赫曾德干涉仪(MZ)的高灵敏度,对0.5wt%的NaCl溶液在腐蚀不锈钢材料过程中等效折射率的变化进行分析,得到2 mL 0.5wt%的NaCl溶液,检测到条纹移动的最快速率为-9.32×10^-2 nm/s,产生的光谱峰值变化为-3.93×10^-2 dB/s,腐蚀速率呈现先增加后减小的趋势.由于采用电化学方法加速腐蚀过程,可在一分钟内对腐蚀过程进行监测,并可推广至其他金属材料.本实验可以作为金属线胀系数实验的延伸实验或创新设计实验.     

Exploring the Critical Sensitivity in Small-World Networks

Catastrophic phenomena such as earthquakes, avalanches, and critical points in the stock market are hard to predict. Recently, Xia et al. [Pure Appl. Geophys. 159 (2002)2491] showed that a geometrical system near catastrophic rupture presents a general critical sensitivity: the system becomes significantly sensitive near the catastrophe transition. Here we report that the phenomenon of critical sensitivity also exists in small-world network systems. With the increase of the small-world rewiring probability p, from the regular network p=0 to the random one p=1, the system performs more sensitively before the critical point while remaining in better organization through the evolutional progress, and the prediction threshold P8 performs more in advance. The concept of critical sensitivity can be applied to other complex network systems.     

液体定压比热容的理论推算

液体定压比热容的理论推算赵小明，刘志刚，王文，陈钟颀（西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院西安７１００４９）关键词聚集理论，循环，比热容１前言物质的比热容不仅是其重要的热物性参数之一，而且是与物质结构密切相关的特征数据，它对物理学和化学的理论研究及许多化工...     

Pattern Formation in the Turing-Hopf Codimension-2 Phase Space in a Reaction-Diffusion System

We systematicaily investigate the behaviour of pattern formation in a reaction-diffusion system when the system is located near the Turing-Hopf codimension-2 point in phase space. The chloride-iodide-malonic acid （CIMA） reaction is used in this study. A phase diagram is obtained using the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol （PVA ） and malonic acid （MA） as control parameters. It is found that the Turing-Hopf mixed state appears only in a small vicinity near the codimension-2 point, and has the form of hexagonal pattern overlapped with anti-target wave; the boundary line separating the Taring state and the wave state is independent of the concentration of MA, only relies on the concentration of PVA. The corresponding numerical simulation using the Lengyel-Epstein （LE） model gives a similar phase diagram as the experiment; it reproduces most patterns observed in the experiment. However, the mixed state we obtain in simulation only appears in the anti-wave tip area, implying that the 3-D effect in the experiments may change the pattern forming behaviour in the codimension-2 regime.     

缝隙回热器式脉管制冷机的数值分析

提出一种缝隙回热器式脉管制冷机,并进行了计算机模拟.运用有限差分数值计算方法,对其进行了较全面的热力分析,着重讨论了一些运行参数和结构参数的影响.     

两种锥形脉管制冷机的数值模拟及其实验验证

本文对所提出的新型结构的脉管制冷机进行了数值模拟分析和实验研究。研究表明：锥形脉管制冷机存在一最佳锥度;在最佳锥度下,采用锥形脉管制冷机对改善制冷机的性能,进一步降低制冷温度、提高相同制冷温度下的制冷量是有利的。     

Frequency sensitivity of sub-excitable systems coupled with different topology

We have investigated numerically the behaviours of identical FitzHugh－Nagumo systems, which are coupled into topologies of regular one-dimensional lattice, small-world network and scale-free network, and driven by white noise and an external signal. We found that when a number of uniform systems are coupled into a network, the system's signal-to-noise ratio remains at a high level in a wider frequency range than in the case of a single oscillator. Different architectures manifest different impact, with the scale-free network being the most remarkable. Results presented here suggest a possible approach to improve the sensitivity of a system to external signals and are helpful for designing communication equipments.     

分置式微型斯特林制冷机的理论分析

本文建立了分置式微型斯特林制冷机的理论分析模型,给出了其内部各种参数（热力参数、流动参数、传热参数）的动态变化规律;并进行了主要结构参数的优化分析;同时还给出了各组成部件变质量、非稳定流动系统的■损失计算式。可推荐给工程实际应用。     

脉管制冷法的重要改进——双向进气可逆脉管的理论分析与实验验证

一、前言 脉管制冷机具有结构简单、可靠性高等优点,作为高技术领域中光电传感器的冷源特别有吸引力。美国Gifford教授最早提出的基本型脉管制冷法,其单级制冷温度只达到124K。1983年,苏联Mikulin教授提出了小孔型脉管制冷法(参见图1实线部分),大大提高了制冷机的制冷能力。遗憾的是,小孔脉管制冷机中由于小孔和气库的加入,增加了一个不可逆损失源。文献[3]指出:对于一个效率为75％的压缩机来说,小孔脉管制冷机的比功率在80K时,约为100W/W,远大于同样情况下的斯特林制冷机,其比功率约为40W/W。所以提高脉管制冷机的效率是一个急待解决的问题。