A population-level model from the microscopic dynamics in Escherichia coli chemotaxis via Langevin approximation

Recent extensive studies of Escherichia coli (E. coli) chemotaxis have achieved a deep understanding of its mi- croscopic control dynamics. As a result, various quantitatively predictive models have been developed to describe the chemotactic behavior of E. coli motion. However, a population-level partial differential equation (PDE) that rationally incorporates such microscopic dynamics is still insufficient. Apart from the traditional Keller-Segel (K-S) equation, many existing population-level models developed from the microscopic dynamics are integro-PDEs. The difficulty comes mainly from cell tumbles which yield a velocity jumping process. Here, we propose a Langevin approximation method that avoids such a difficulty without appreciable loss of precision. The resulting model not only quantitatively repro- duces the results of pathway-based single-cell simulators, but also provides new inside information on the mechanism of E. coli chemotaxis. Our study demonstrates a possible alternative in establishing a simple population-level model that allows for the complex microscopic mechanisms in bacterial chemotaxis.     

慕课在大学物理实验教学及创新项目中的应用

目前大学物理实验教学过程中,学生们普遍反映教学内容与较为前沿的科学技术关联性不强、未能完全体现最新的研究成果与实验方法,导致本科阶段参与创新项目以及继续深造时,知识储备不足、不能学以致用。针对该问题,将创新慕课引入大学物理实验教学中,利用慕课多样、灵活的特性对与实验教学内容相关的原理进行深入剖析,展现多种技术手段与实现方法,尤其是相关原理与技术在已知及预期应用领域进行知识扩展,此方法充分拓宽学生们知识面、提升对创新和设计实验的兴趣、进一步提高大学物理教学质量。     

水冷塔用冷却水的成垢实用关联式——表面温度同水流速对成垢的影响

一、前言 过去几十年,许多研究者为了发展热交换器中成垢的基本模型做了大量的工作。因为成垢过程是复杂的。它是一个动态过程。垢阻一般来说是不能直接测定,而是经总传热系数来推算。即使大量成垢的实验数据已获得,但适用于成垢过程的有用模型或计算式至今尚未得到。一些专用的式子例外。我们认为在分析大量实验污垢数据的基础上,进行总传热系数随时间变化的分析,建立一个有用的模型同关联式是有可能的,本文给出了肯定的结论。     

辐射对流条件下肋片散热的数值计算

在空气中进行自然对流冷却时,即使在常温下,辐射换热量也与对流换热量相当,因此,在肋片散热计算中必须考虑辐射换热。田中贞行等对有辐射时肋片的散热进行了研究,但他们假定换热系数沿肋高是不变的。在各种肋片型线中,梯形肋片既经济(与矩形截面相比),结构又简单(与抛物线截面相比),所以,本文以梯形肋片作为研究对象。     

生物系统中的非线性现象

文章通过用非线性科学的基本概念与系统方法分析了芽殖酵母细胞周期网络的动力学行为，说明非线性科学在定量研究生命过程所可能起到的重要作用，同时说明非线性科学现有的分析手段在研究生命系统中的局限性．这样利用非线性动力学研究生物系统的动力学问题，不但可以为系统生物学的研究提供强大的数学工具，同时也可以推动非线性科学本身的发展．这项研究从另一个角度显示了交叉学科的生命力．     

Stochasticity in the yeast mating pathway

We report stochastic simulations of the yeast mating signal transduction pathway. The effects of intrinsic and external noise, the influence of cell-to-cell difference in the pathway capacity, and noise propagation in the pathway have been examined. The stochastic temporal behaviour of the pathway is found to be robust to the influence of inherent fluctuations, and intrinsic noise propagates in the pathway in a uniform pattern when the yeasts are treated with pheromones of different stimulus strengths and of varied fluctuations. In agreement with recent experimental findings, extrinsic noise is found to play a more prominent role than intrinsic noise in the variability of proteins. The occurrence frequency for the reactions in the pathway are also examined and a more compact network is obtained by dropping most of the reactions of least occurrence.     

基于DNAzyme的自驱动DNA分子机器检测有机磷农药

通过范德华力作用,将脱氧核酶(DNAzyme)和6-羧基荧光素(FAM)标记的底物链共修饰的金纳米粒子(AuNPs)负载于MnO2纳米片上,构建了一种自驱动DNA分子机器.乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)将其底物乙酰硫代胆碱(ATCh)转化为硫代胆碱(TCh)后,MnO2纳米片被降解为Mn2+,激活DNAzyme切割底物链的循...     

Cryo-EM Data Statistics and Theoretical Analysis of KaiC Hexamer

Cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM) provides a powerful tool to resolve the structure of biological macromolecules in natural state. One advantage of cryo-EM technology is that different conformation states of a protein complex structure can be simultaneously built, and the distribution of different states can be measured. This provides a tool to push cryo-EM technology beyond just to resolve protein structures, but to obtain the thermodynamic properties of protein machines. Here, we used a deep m...     

场协同理论在脉管制冷机研究中的推广

本文采用理论分析和数值计算的方法,确认由过增元教授等提出的强化换热的场协同理论同样可以应用到能量转换过程。文中用场协同理论揭示了脉管制冷机发展过程中几次重大改进的实质,并以此理论指导改进脉管制冷机的结构参数,发现了脉管的最佳长径比。