Yamabe方程在完备流形上的一个推广

This paper considers a semilinear elliptic equation on a n-dimensional complete noncompact Riemannian manifold,which is a generalization of the well known Yamabe equation.An existence result is proved.     

C-ADS中质子束窗散射效应和热力学计算

质子束窗是C-ADS中隔离加速器的真空环境与靶的非真空环境的重要部件。质子束窗材料及其冷却介质造成的束流散射效应是造成束流在靶外损失的主要因素,由于质子束窗中的高能量沉积和高辐照效应,束窗的热力学计算显得尤为重要。计算结果表明:当质子束窗和散裂靶距离为1.5 m时,通过选取合理的结构参数,多管道型质子束窗结构可以将靶外束流损失控制在1%以内。束窗中总的应力,包括由于温度升高造成的热应力、冷却剂的静压,以及束窗两侧加速器真空与外部非真空环境的压强差造成的应力,可以有效控制在所用材料的许用应力之内。并通过计算讨论给出C-ADS中质子束窗的初步设计参数。     

Phase behaviors in a binary mixture of diblock copolymers confined between two parallel walls

The phase behaviors in a binary mixture of diblock copolymers confined between two parallel walls are investigated by using a cell dynamics simulation of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory.The morphological dependence of the wall-block interaction and the distance between walls(confinement degree) has been systematically studied,and the effect of repulsive interactions between different monomers is also discussed.It is interesting that multiple novel morphological transitions are observed by changing these factors,and various multilayered sandwich structures are formed in the mixture.Furthermore,the parametric dependence and physical reasons for the microdomain growth and orientational order transitions are discussed.From the simulation,we find that much richer morphologies can form in a binary mixture of diblock copolymers than those in a pure diblock copolymer.Our results provide an insight into the phase behaviors under parallel wall confinement and may provide guidance for experimentalists.This model system can also give a simple way to realize orientational order transition in soft materials through confinement.     

2007年激光市场和技术

本文叙述了2007年激光市场及相关的技术状况。2007年的激光市场规模预计为60亿美元，比去年增加8%。半导体激光器的销售额占总数的一半以上。半导体激光器的主要应用是光学数据储存和长途光通讯。非半导体激光器具有比较强大的激光能力和广泛的应用，但是比较复杂。非半导体激光器主要用于与半导体及汽车商业有关的材料加工。非半导体激光器的第二个用途是与整容化妆有关的医学治疗。光纤激光器是最有魅力的非半导体激光器。     

Fibre Optical Parametric Amplification in Defect Bragg Fibres with Zero Dispersion Slow Light Effect

Nonlinearity enhancement by slow light effect and strong light confinement in defect Bragg fibres is demonstrated and anMysed in applications of fibre optical parametric amplifiers. Broadband low group velocity and zero dispersion as well as the strong light confinement by band gap enhances the nonlinear coefficient up to more than one order than the conventional high nonlinear fibres. Moreover, the zero dispersion wavelength of coupled core mode can be designed arbitrarily, under which the phase-matching bandwidth of the nonlinear process can be extended.     

盐酸氯丙嗪1H NMR、 13C NMR谱的归属及结构表征

通过运用¹H-¹H COSY(¹H-¹H COrrelation SpectroscopY)、TOCSY(TOtal Correlation SpectroscopY)、HSQC(Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation)、HMBC (Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation)、NOESY(Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement SpectroscopY)等多种二维核磁技术,对盐酸氯丙嗪（Chlorpromazine hydrochloride CPZ· HCl）在CDCl₃、CD₃COCD₃和D₂O三种溶剂中的¹H、¹³C NMR谱进行了准确归属（重点集中于谱峰重叠程度较高的芳香族区域）．实验表明：杂环上N与苯环存在部分共轭;在CDCl₃、CD₃COCD₃中,侧链卷曲至芳环上方处于屏蔽区,且侧链上N为较稳定的四面体构型;比较了CPZ· HCl在不同溶剂与浓度下的¹H NMR谱的变化,对文献中其核磁共振谱（特别是芳香区的谱峰）归属的争议作了解释．量子化学计算结果与实验结果相吻合．     

Structural,Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Co_nO(n = 2～10) Clusters: A Density Functional Study

The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Co_nO(n = 2～10) clusters have been systematically investigated within the framework of the generalized gradient approximation density functional theory. The results indicate that the O atom occupies the surface-capped position on Co_nO(n = 2～10) clusters. The stabilities of the host clusters are improved by adding one O atom. Maximum peaks of the second-order difference energy of the ground-state Co_nO clusters are found at n = 3, 6 and 8, indicating higher stability than their neighboring clusters. Compared with corresponding pure Con clusters, the O-doped cobalt clusters have larger gaps between the HOMO and LUMO energy levels, indicating their higher chemical stabilities. In addition, the doping of O atom exhibits different influence on the magnetism of the clusters. This is also further investigated by the local magnetic moment, deformation charge density and partial local density of states analysis.     

高压下晶体5-硝胺基-3,4-二硝基吡唑肼结构转变的周期性密度泛函理论研究

采用周期性密度泛函理论(DFT)方法研究了静水压0~160 GPa范围内5-硝胺基-3,4-二硝基吡唑肼(HNDP)的晶体结构、分子结构和电子结构.研究结果表明,晶体HNDP在静水压6,28和110 GPa时发生了3次结构转变:在6 GPa时,分子中阴离子和阳离子的相对位置发生重排,N17—H23…N13氢键断裂;在28GPa时再次形成N17—H23…N13氢键;在110 GPa时,N17—H19共价键转变为氢键,形成N20—H22…O24共价键.带隙、键布居数以及原子电荷研究结果表明,随着压强增加,晶体HNDP的金属性及离域性增强.     

超小金纳米簇用于荧光及CT双模态成像的研究

基于金纳米簇强烈的量子限制效应（strong quantum confinement effect,SQCE）,采用一步合成法,制备了同时具有高效近红外荧光与CT双模态成像能力的超小金纳米簇.实验表明,通过优化合成比例以及合成条件,所合成的超小金纳米簇具有很大的斯托克斯（Stokes）位移、较高的荧光强度和X射线吸收效率.除此之外,该超小金纳米簇具有良好的单分散性、稳定性和生物相容性.4T1肿瘤细胞荧光成像实验结果表明,该纳米粒子可被肿瘤细胞快速、高效地摄取.     

偶氮苯作用的核酸开关在生物体内的可逆光调控

随着人们对偶氮苯分子光异构化机理和特性认识的深入,偶氮苯在核酸分子中的引入及其相关过程的可逆调控也受到了大量关注.偶氮苯分子作为光响应元件不仅用于合成智能材料或分子机器,而且正迅速渗透到化学生物学体系的分析和调控.考虑到核酸分子包含的信息多样性,小分子偶氮化合物引入到核酸分子中,可实现开关核酸的结构、RNA沉默、基因表达、适配体识别、酶活性等,也可用作核酸探针了解结构信息和分子之间的作用机理.因而,功能核酸的光可逆调控及其在生物领域中的应用,成为核酸化学领域的热门课题.本文主要阐述了偶氮苯与核酸结合的4种不同方式的设计原理及特点,通过筛选一些有代表性的例子,介绍偶氮苯类光敏分子的光异构化性能及其对核酸结构和功能的可逆调控在生物领域的研究进展,并列举出现阶段可能存在的问题,及对未来的发展前景进行展望.