非线性回归模型参数估计的一个新算法

近年来,非线性回归的研究受到极大的重视.Ratkowsky(1983)总结了非线性回归分析的近代发展,著成专著.韦博成从微分几何的观点对非线性回归分析作了处理.究其原因,一方面因为线性回归分析的研究已臻完善;另一方面因为在实际应用时,非线性情形遇到最多,如由物理,化学,生物,地学等学科的实验所得到的模型几     

利用重要不等式求函数最值应注意的几个问题

利用重要不等式求函数最值应注意的几个问题４３００６１湖北省武昌实验中学张天雄利用重要不等式求函数的最大（或最小）值，同学们常常犯下述五个方面的错误：１忽视了正数这一条件例１求函数的值域．错解．函数的值域是［２，＋∞）．分析不等式成立的条件是ｘ＞０，而...     

珠心算“功臣”——陈子镜

1980年,亦即济南首届全国珠算技术大赛的前一年。为了来年赛场夺魁,这一年中,全国各地各路珠算英豪纷纷集结于地市、省府,秣马砺兵,强化训练。各个训练场地,青年选手,英姿勃发,士气高涨;领队教练,出手凌厉,各展奇才…。此时的中珠协《工作简报》,不失时机地将各地练兵盛况通报全国,一期、一期…不啻一通一通的助威战鼓。就在这一年中,在黄河三门峡北岸一个叫做平陆的山区小县里,有一个为珠界目光、中珠协《工作简报》所忽略的“珠算小班儿”,正悄悄地进行着特殊训练。在表面看来,这是一个平淡得像晚清私塾、像乡村儿戏般的“小班儿”。它,只有几名业余小学生,“小”得让人不屑一顾;它,“学堂”是教师自家的一间小土屋儿,“土”得几乎掉渣儿。土屋儿的火炕、窗台、炕沿上拥挤着十岁左右的小娃娃们;土墙上悬挂着教学大算盘,“教练”是一位年近花甲、貌似老农的老师……。当时有谁晓得,这个“小班儿”的老教练正在用他的“秘密武器”培训着中国第一批儿童珠算小选手?又有谁晓得,这个“小班儿”的娃娃们,就是以后掀起波澜壮阔新珠潮的弄潮儿?而这个“秘密武器”,就是一、二十年后被中国和世界称作“儿童启智的金钥匙”———珠心算!珠心算,即珠算式心算。如今,它风行全...     

Duration-Dependent Asymmetry in Photoionization of H atoms in Few-Cycle Laser Pulses

The photoionization of H atoms irradiated by few-cycle laser pulses is studied numerically. The variations of the total ionization, the partial ionizations in opposite directions, and the corresponding asymmetry with the carrier-envelope phase in several pulse durations are obtained. We find that besides a stronger modulation on the partial ionizations, the change of pulse duration leads to a shift along carrier-envelope （CE） phase in the calculated signals. The phase shift arises from the nonlinear property of ionization and relates closely to the Coulomb attraction of the parent ion to the ionized electron. Our calculations show good agreement with the experimental observation under similar conditions.     

Transmission Properties of THz Radiation Pulses through Very Deep Zero-Order Metallic Gratings

Very deep zero-order metallic grating structures are processed to study the transmission properties of THz radiation pulses. The experiments have been performed with two samples. The delay of the THz pulses and the corresponding resonantly enhanced transmission spectra through the samples are observed. To explain the extraordinary transmission we have treated the samples as Fabry-Perot resonators through resonant excitation of the coupled surface plasmon polaritons filled in the cavities between the metal slats. The experimental results are in reasonable agreement with the numerical simulation. Our results show that THz-time-domain spectroscopy may be an effective technique for studying the optical properties of various THz microstructured devices.     

原子磁芯片与量子回路

 在过去几年中,物理学家们研究出了多种可把原子云团冷却到温度低于1微开(μK)的技术。处于这些云团中的原子是如此之冷,以至于它们不能再被看作是遵守牛顿定律的经典粒子,而应被看作是由量子力学所描述的可传播、衍射和相互干涉的波。现在,人们已经可以把冷原子囚禁在横向尺寸只有100纳米的量子点内,也可使之在长的狭管中流动,就像电子在很细的导线中流动一样。人们开始注意到一种全新的技术的可能性,这一技术与微电子技术相类似,只是它基于受控冷原子流及原子之间的相互作用。这种被称为“原子芯片”的器件可以利用量子力学原理来完成非同寻常的测量或计算工作。     

Elimination of Spiral Waves and Competition between Travelling Wave Impulses and Spiral Waves

The interaction between travelling wave impulses and spiral waves is studied and the results of their competition are related to the exciting period. From the results, it is known that the formation and development of spiral waves in cardiac tissue depend on the period by which the travelling wave impulses are excited. A method is proposed to eliminate spiral waves, which is easily operated.