动态荷载下石英玻璃的透光性及损伤演化研究

在一级轻气炮上,利用光透射测量技术观测了石英玻璃在冲击（低于它的Hunoniot弹性极限）以及冲击后再卸载过程中的透射率随时间变化特征.发现石英玻璃在18 GPa附近的冲击条件下,15 μs内保持了良好的透明性.但处于压缩透明状态的石英玻璃在卸载波的作用下其透明状态仅维持约07 μs,透射率在随后的08 μs内下降了约30%.这一现象是由石英玻璃在卸载波的作用下发生损伤所致.透光性的时间效应与玻璃中局部损伤及演化特性密切相关,球状粒子的生长和散射模型对这一现象给出了合理解释.对Dolan等人［关键词： 石英玻璃 冲击 卸载 散射     

40-60GPa冲击加载下蓝宝石发光机理研究

利用轻气炮平面波加载技术结合多通道辐射高温计技术以及瞬态光谱技术,在40-60GPa压力区间同时获得了蓝宝石冲击发光的时间分辨光谱和连续波长分布光谱．结果表明,在该压缩区间蓝宝石发光光谱的波长分布具有普朗克灰体分布特征,是一种典型的热辐射现象．辐射色温与该压力区间蓝宝石熔化温度接近,支持剪切带发光观点,认为剪切带的形成可能与蓝宝石单晶的位错和缺陷有关．对冲击压缩蓝宝石的剪切带发光温度接近熔化温度的观点,用一维塑性流的热方程给出了合理的解释．     

低冲击应力下脆性介质电阻率的实时测量

 冲击波压缩下材料宏观性质的变化与微观结构演化有着密切联系。通过改进对称差分电路测量方法,测量K9玻璃在失效破坏过程中的电阻率变化,研究了脆性介质在低冲击波应力下的损伤破坏机制。结果表明,随着冲击波在K9玻璃中传播,K9玻璃的电阻率逐渐下降;在7.6 GPa冲击压缩下,K9玻璃由最初的绝缘体状态逐渐转变为电阻率约420 Ω·m的稳定状态。     

Multi-Shock Compression of Dense Hydrogen-Helium Mixture Beyond 100 GPa

A cryogenic target system for preparing the dense gaseous samples is established on a two-stage light-gas gun and is applied to study the equation of state of hydrogen-helium mixture at higher pressures and at high temperatures by means of the multi-shock technique. The recorded optical radiation signal clearly indicates the beginning moments of the third-, fourth-, sixth-, eighth-, and tenth-shock processes, which are in good agreement with the predictions of the Mansoori-Canfield-Ross variational perturbation theory up to the observed ultimate state of 104 GPa.     

纳秒尺度金属熔化相变数值模拟及实验验证

本文基于非均匀成核相变动力学理论和热传导方程研究了在极快速升温(10¹²K/s)条件下金属达到过热状态后发生熔化相变时,通过金属/光学窗口界面温度的演化历史研究了金属内部温度的变化情况.分析结果表明,当金属内部无熔化发生时,界面温度将很快达到平衡,此变化满足理想接触界面模型;而当金属内部有熔化发生时,界面温度受熔化速率的影响不能立即达到平衡而是经历了一个下降的弛豫过程.计算结果与实验观测结果进行比较后发现两者符合得较好,由此可以获得金属在高压下的熔化速率,熔化温度等相关信息.本文的研 关键词： 相变动力学 热传导 金属铁 冲击波     

Observational constraint on the dark energy scalar field

In this paper,we study three scalar fields,namely the quintessence,phantom,and tachyon fields,to explore the source of dark energy via the Gaussian processes method from the background and perturbation growth rate data.The corresponding reconstructions suggest that the dark energy should be dynamical.Moreover,the quintom field,which is a combination of the quintessence and phantom fields,is powerfully favored by the reconstruction.The mean values indicate that the potential V(φ) in the quintessence field is a double exponential function,whereas V(φ) in the phantom field is a double Gaussian function.This reconstruction can provide an important reference for the scalar field study.The two types of data employed reveal that the tachyon field is disadvantageous for describing the cosmic acceleration.     

冲击压缩下物质黏性系数与冲击波阵面扰动衰减特性研究

为解决高温高压下物质黏性的测量问题,Sakharov曾提出一种冲击波小扰动实验方法,但人们一直未从理论上给出这类特定冲击波流场中扰动振幅衰减特性与黏性系数之间的量化关联.本文首次针对Mineev等的实验条件采用数值解方法定量地研究了金属铝(Al)中复杂流场演化过程、正弦形波阵面上相对扰动幅度的演化特征和它们的黏性效应,给出了相对扰动幅度衰减曲线的零点相对距离与黏性系数之间的定量关系.与Zaidel的均匀流场模型以及Miller等的非均匀流场模型相比,本文求解的流场演变问题已经接近实验的真实情况.利用本文数     

基于图像处理的钢坯侧面形状检测系统

基于机器视觉的钢坯侧面形状检测系统是由面阵CCD、激光发射器、激光接收器以及工控计算机等组成。通过面阵CCD拍摄到钢坯侧面图像,经过工业控制计算机进行数字图像处理分析和计算,提取钢坯侧面边缘高度和厚度,进而通过专用软件分析出钢坯头部和尾部的形状信息,从而有效地对入口钢坯翘头扣尾的异常状态发出报警信号。将异常信号传送给外围控制系统,以实现对钢坯的控制。     

Viscosity of aluminum under shock-loading conditions

A reliable data treatment method is critical for viscosity measurements using the disturbance amplitude damping method of shock waves. In this paper the finite difference method is used to obtain the numerical solutions for the disturbance amplitude damping behaviour of the sinusoidal shock front in a flyer-impact experiment. The disturbance amplitude damping curves are used to depict the numerical solutions of viscous flow. By fitting the experimental data to the numerical solutions of different viscosities, we find that the effective shear viscosity coefficients of shocked aluminum at pressures of 42, 78 and 101 GPa are (1500±100) Pa · s, (2800±100) Pa · s and (3500±100) Pa · s respectively. It is clear that the shear viscosity of aluminum increases with an increase in shock pressure, so aluminum does not melt below a shock pressure of 101 GPa. This conclusion is consistent with the sound velocity measurement.