微型燃烧器预混腔内催化重整、积碳及流动特性模拟

因微型燃烧器内微尺度燃烧易熄火,燃烧效率不高,存在催化重整过程中的积碳、微尺度等问题,可利用甲烷和湿空气中水蒸汽预混催化重整产氢来强化燃烧,对预混腔内催化重整,积碳及流动特性进行模拟,探讨了微型预混腔中甲烷、水蒸汽重整过程中水碳比、质量流量和催化壁面温度对催化重整、积碳、流动等的影响.     

Selective formation of ultrathin PbSe on Ag(111)

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, such as lead selenide (PbSe), locate at the key position of next-generation devices. However, the ultrathin PbSe is still rarely reported experimentally, particularly on metal substrates. Here, we report the ultrathin PbSe synthesized via sequential molecular beam epitaxy on Ag(111). The scanning tunneling microscopy is used to resolve the atomic structure and confirms the selective formation of ultrathin PbSe through the reaction between Ag₅Se₂ and Pb, as further evidenced by the theoretical calculation. It is also found that the increased accumulation of Pb leads to the improved quality of PbSe with larger and more uniform films. The detailed analysis demonstrates the bilayer structure of synthesized PbSe, which could be deemed to achieve the 2D limit. The differential conductance spectrum reveals a metallic feature of the PbSe film, indicating a certain interaction between PbSe and Ag(111). Moreover, the moiré pattern originated from the lattice mismatch between PbSe and Ag(111) is observed, and this moiré system provides the opportunity for studying physics under periodical modulation and for device applications. Our work illustrates a pathway to selectively synthesize ultrathin PbSe on metal surfaces and suggests a 2D experimental platform to explore PbSe-based opto-electronic and thermoelectric phenomena.     

旋转气固两相流动与分离数值模拟

针对旋转气固两相流分离及其应用问题,研究旋转气固两相流中尘粒的运动特性及分离效率,提出了分离效率的计算式.考虑尘粒间碰撞与并聚、喷水对尘粒间碰撞与并聚的影响,数值模拟研究旋转分离器内气固两相流场、尘粒运动特性及分离效率.研究结果表明分离器结构对流场和压力场有显著影响,且尘粒并聚有利于提高分离效率.     

分子印迹聚合物膜对氨基酸海因手性化合物的选择性结合和透过性质研究

合成了可对氨基酸海因对映异构体选择性分离的分子印迹聚合物膜。利用紫外光谱法比较不同功能单体与模板分子的作用能力。以丙烯酰胺为功能单体,在极性溶剂中制备了5R-5氨-基酸海因的分子印迹聚合物膜,通过Scatchard分析法研究膜中结合位点情况。通过膜透过实验研究印迹膜对外消旋体的分离特性。Scatchard分析显示聚合物膜中形成了两类结合位点,其解离常数分别为1.88mmol/L和5.14mmol/L;选择性透过实验表明膜中形成了与5R-5氨-基酸海因分子形状和功能基因位置匹配的孔穴。与非印迹聚合物膜相比,印迹聚合物膜对对映体具有良好的选择性。     

吸光光度法测定鹿茸中锗

鹿茸是一种名贵中药,它能消肿止痛,清热解毒,所以多年被人们广泛使用。锗元素,尤其是有机锗可使人体酶活化,增强细胞活力,促进机体新陈代谢,有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、消炎、延缓衰老和免疫调节等作用Ⅲ。但关于鹿茸中锗含量的测定未见报道,本文用吸光光度法测定了鹿茸中锗的含量,这对该药的研究起到一定的促进作用。     

稀土元素的电分析化学研究 X:钆-茜素红的极谱配合吸附波的研究

In a supporting electrolyte containing 2X10-4M Alizarin Red S, 0.1M NH3-NH4Cl and at pH 9.6, we obtained an adsorptive complex wave of gadolinium-Alizarin Bed S by single-sweep polarography. The peak potential of the derivative wave is -0.69V (S. C. E.). The limit of detection for gadolinium is 6X10-8M. We have determined the composition of the complex which is 1:3 GD-Alizarin Red S and confirmed that the wave is an adsorptive complex wave. The electrode processes may be presented as follows: Gd3+ + 3HL2- + 3NH3 = (GdL3)6- + 3(NH4)^+ (Chemical reaction) (GdL3)6- = (GdL3)ad6- (Surface process) The total electrochemical reaction is (GdL3)ad6- + 6e + 6(NH4)^+ = (Gd(LH2)3)ad6- + 6NH3     

CFBC旋风分离器气固两相流数值模拟与优化

气相利用Euler坐标系下的K-ε／RNG双方程湍流模型,颗粒相采用拉格朗日坐标系下的随机轨道模型,考虑双向耦合,对CFBC旋风分离器中较高浓度气固两相流动进行数值模拟,结果表明:采用入口加速段将气固两相流加速到合适的速度,对提高分离效率有重要作用。排气管向产生离体涡旋区方向偏移适当距离,有助于减少涡旋区,改善流场, 减少阻力。虽然收缩锥体有利于形成向上旋流,但对颗粒捕获也有不利的一面。     

垂直窄缝流道内过冷沸腾时的汽泡行为

通过高速摄像可视化研究发现,在p=1.3～2MPa时,F-12质初始汽泡在壁面以小于0.1m/s的低速滑动中生长。热流密度和断面平均过冷度等参数对初始汽泡影响较大,热流密度越高,沸腾越早发生;小汽泡(d=0.01～0.07mm)运动速度在0.1～0.2 m/s左右,而较大(d=0.1～0.3 mm)汽泡的运动速度在0.25～0.7m/s左右。较大汽泡聚合小汽泡的过程是汽泡从小汽泡生长为大汽泡乃至于汽层的主要形式。     

渐扩切向槽式低压旋流喷流场数值模拟

提出有渐扩切向槽式旋流雾化喷嘴的三维流动数学模型,并采用κ-ε/RNG模型,应用SIMPLE方法数值模拟了在切向槽不同渐扩角度θ时喷嘴内流场特性.结果表明:渐扩切向槽偏转角θ对其流场特性影响较大,偏转角θ为负值时,喷嘴出口处回流较大,θ为较大的正值,喷嘴内流体流动越易形成实心的锥体,但其能量损失增加较大,当偏转角θ=5.8°可实现喷嘴出口处无回流,且流动损失较小,雾化角也比较大.     

水相光引发聚合诱导自组装制备CO_2响应性聚合物囊泡

本文以聚甲基丙烯酸甘油酯(PGMA)作为大分子RAFT试剂,甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPMA)和甲基丙烯酸-2-(二甲氨基)乙酯(DMAEMA)作为单体,在室温下通过水相光引发聚合诱导自组装制备CO2响应聚合物囊泡。动力学研究表明聚合在可见光(405nm,0.5 mW/cm2)照射10min后,转化率可以达到100%。文中还探讨了DMAEMA对于聚合反应的影响。通过视觉观察、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及核磁共振(NMR)对聚合物囊泡的二氧化碳响应特性进行了研究。