气相色谱法测定污水处理产生的氧 亚氮的分析方法研究

建立了气相色谱法(GC/ECD)检测污水处理过程中产生的温室气体氧化亚氮(N2O)的分析方法.确定了最佳实验条件:进样口温度、柱温和ECD检测器温度分别为105、100、300℃,以95％ Ar +5％ CH4为载气,柱流速和尾吹气流速分别为25、50 mL/min.N2O的质量浓度在0.255～ 100 mg/L范围...     

稀土镧对薄膜中银纳米粒子的细化作用

通过更换基底材料,证实了稀土镧对AgBaO薄膜中银纳米粒子的细化作用.用LewisCampbell的薄膜理论分析表明,稀土镧对银纳米粒子的细化作用机理是,基底吸附稀土镧增强了基底对银原子的等效吸附能和基底表面徙动激活能,使镧和银结合形成的复合小银粒子在基底表面的徙动扩散运动受到削弱,进而减少了相互团聚所致.基底表面徙动激活能增量在0.04—0.07eV之间,相应的基底对银原子的等效吸附能增量在0.08—0.42eV之间 关键词： 细化 稀土 纳米粒子 粒度     

多壁碳纳米管阵列场发射研究

研究了Ar离子束轰击及温度对多壁碳纳米管阵列场发射性能的影响.经Ar离子轰击35min后，发现阵列顶端的Fe催化剂颗粒明显减少，弯曲的顶部被轰击掉，使碳纳米管的场发射电流明显减小而场发射像无明显改变.温度的增加引起碳纳米管的场发射电流也随之增加.还研 究了在透明阳极技术中涂在阳极的荧光粉对场发射电流的影响.对同一碳纳米管阵列样品，发现涂有荧光粉的透明阳极使测量到的场发射电流大幅度减小，只是未涂荧光粉阳极电流的 1/30左右.直接用二氧化锡导电膜作阳极时，测得样品的开启场强为1.0V/μm.沉积了荧光粉的二 关键词： 多壁碳纳米管 场发射     

碳纳米管阵列的气相沉积制备及场发射特性

运用酞菁铁热解法气相沉积制备了碳纳米管阵列.所得碳纳米管呈多壁结构.单根碳纳米管的平均直径约为25 nm，长度约4～5 μm，且具有很好的准直性.研究了碳纳米管阵列的平面场发射特性，相应的开启电压和阈值电压分别为1.28和2.3 V•μm－1，表明碳纳米管具有很强的场发射能力.利用场发射显微镜观察了碳纳米管阵列的场发射像，发现碳纳米管阵列的场发射主要集中在样品薄膜的边缘部位.这是由于碳纳米管密度过大而产生的屏蔽效应所致.     

单壁碳纳米管的场发射特性研究

利用场发射显微镜(FEM)和四极质谱计分别研究了经过热处理的单壁碳纳米管的场发射图像和热处理过程中样品脱附的残气质谱.当热处理温度达到1000℃左右时得到了单壁碳纳米管的场发射像,此像可能是顶端开口的单根(16,0)锯齿形单壁碳纳米管的具有原子可分辨的场发射图像.四极质谱分析结果表明,在此温度范围W针尖晶粒间隙中有O原子和C原子释放出来.它们对单壁碳纳米管顶端的修饰是我们能观察到这些碳纳米管场发射像的可能原因. 关键词： 单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs) 场发射显微镜(FEM) 四极质谱     

Coherent field emission from a multi-walled carbon nanotube with two open-ended branches

Interference fringes are obtained in a field-emission microscopy (FEM) study of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with two open-ended branches. The FEM pattern, which is composed of three parallel streaks, can be interpreted by using classical Young's double-slit interference with the ends of the two MWCNT branches treated as two secondary sources of the electron wave. The origin of the coherency of the electron beams from the two branches is discussed on the basis of the quantitative analysis of the FEM pattern. The result suggests a new approach to obtaining a coherent electron source.     

利用场发射电子显微镜研究具有原子分辨的单壁碳纳米管的场发射

利用场发射电子显微镜(FEM)研究了组装在金属钨(W)针尖上的单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)的电子发射特性. 透射电子显微镜(TEM)结果表明在W针尖上存在一单壁碳纳米管束. 在适当的实验条件下得到了一组具有原子分辨率的FEM像, 该像可能是从单壁碳纳米管束中突出的一根(16,0)锯齿型单壁碳纳米管开口端的发射形成的. 理论计算了FEM图像放大倍数和分辨率. 当压缩因子β的值设定为β= 1.76时, FEM图像放大倍数的理论计算值与实际测量值相一致. 利用考虑镜像力的Gomer分辨率公式计算了FEM的分辨本领. 在典型电场强度ε = 5.0×10⁷ V/cm)情况下, FEM的分辨本领可以达到0.277 nm, 这接近(16,0)型单壁碳纳米管开口端碳原子沿锯齿边的间距(0.246 nm). 这些进一步支持了实验得到的结果.     

用场发射显微镜研究单壁碳纳米管场发射

利用场发射显微镜在小于40×10^-7Pa压强条件下研究了单壁碳纳米管微束在不同温度加热除气后的场发射变化,得出随着除气温度的升高,碳纳米管逸出功经历了从大到小再变大的变化过程.在清洁态(1000℃除气)对应有最小的逸出功,此时场发射图像显示出一定的细致结构.继续升高温度,碳纳米管发生塌缩.     

Field emission patterns with atomic resolution of single-walled carbon nanotubes by field emission microscopy

Electron emission properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) assembled on a tungsten tip were investigated using field emission microscopy (FEM). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrograph confirmed the existence of an SWCNT bundle on the W tip. Under appropriate experimental conditions,a series of FEM patterns with atomic resolution were obtained. These patterns arose possibly from the field emission of the open end of an individual (16,0) SWCNT protruding from the SWCNT bundle. The magnification factor and the resolution under our experimental conditions were calculated theoretically. If the value of the compression factor β was set at β= 1.76, the calculated value of the magnification factor was in agreement with the measured value. The resolving powerof FEM was determined by the resolution equation given by Gomer. The resolutionof 0.277 nm could be achieved under the typical electric field of 5.0×107 V/cm, which was close to the interatomic separation 0.246 nm between carbon atoms along the zigzag edge at the open end for the (16, 0) SWCNT. Consequently, our experimental results were further supported by our theoretical calculation.