高聚物的分子量分布

研究分子量分布的意义高聚物的分子是由单体分子聚合而成,除了少数几种蛋白质外,其分子量是不均一的。分子量多分散性是高聚物的基本特性之一,其多分散程度决定于聚合反应的机理,试样的处理过程,以及老化裂解等影响。高聚物所表現的性质,均为其不同分子量的分子对此种性质供献的总和。因此研究高聚物的分子量分布,无论对力学性能或溶液性质的了解,以及聚合机理的探討,产品质量的控制与改进都有重要的意义。聚合及降解反应的机理无疑是聚合或降解产物分子量分布的决定因素,从反应动力学可以导出分子量     

八年级学生在代数知識上存在的問题

現时中学数学教学法的基本任务之一,是使学生达到优異的知識質量,防止成績不良和克服教学和学生知識中的形式主义,而研究一系列的措施和数学課上的綜合技术教育問題。本文就有关八年級代数教学法文章里闡述得不够的某些章节来看学生的知識情况,並且提供出一些經过实踐上檢驗过的办法,以期提高八年級代数的学習成績,消灭現有缺点,使学生获得更深刻的知識。     

Harmonic Enhancement Mechanism of a Superposition State Atom Irradiated by Short Pulses

We investigate the high-order harmonic generation （HHG） of a model atom whose initial state is prepared in a superposition of its ground state and an excited state irradiated by different duration laser pulses. Compared to the HHG generated from an atom whose initial state is in its ground state, its conversion efficiency obtains some enhancement. The enhancement originates from the higher ionization rate （rather than the ionization yield） of the atom with superposition initial state.     

Field-Free Molecular Orientation Generated from Cyclic Rotational States by Using Two Trains of Half-Cycle Pulses

We show that two trains of half-cycle pulses （HCPs） with different amplitudes irradiating alternately on polar molecules can achieve a remarkable enhancement of field-free orientation compared with the case of an equal amplitude HCPs train for the same pulse separation. optimal adjustment of the population distribution on This kind of orientation enhancements is mainly due to an every field-free angular momentum eigenstate, in which the populations on the undesired states of high angular momenta are effectively suppressed, and the populations on the desired states of low angular momenta are correspondingly promoted.     

TRANSFORMING GENES IN DUCK HEPATIC CARCINOMA——mht(raf) AND Ha-ras

The transfection of NIH 3T3 cells was performed with DNAs from 2 duck primary hepatic carcinomas (DHC 40K, 9K) and I tumor-adjacent liver tissue (TAL, 9N). Transfectants were found from 40K, 9K and 9N DNAs. The secondary transfectants were obtained after transfection of RAT-1 cells with DNAs from primary transfectants. After hybridization with Ha-ras, Ki-ras, N-ras and mht oncogenes, it was found that duck mht (5.2 and 3.2 kb EcoRI fragments) and duck Ha-ras (3.4 kb EcoRI fragments) were present in all these transformants.This is the first report on transforming genes in duck primary hepatic cancer as well as tumoradjacent liver tissue     

EXPRESSION OF N-ras GENE IN HUMAN PRIMARY HEPATOCARCINOMA

Poly(A)~+ RNA was isolated from 9 specimens of human primary hepatic carcinoma, 1 non-tumorous liver tissue adjacent to cancer and 1 normal liver tissue samples. The Oligo-dT cellulose-purified poly(A)~+ RNAs were subjected to formaldehyde agarose gel electrophoresis, Northern transfer and hybridization with various ancogene probes. Two RNA species, 5.6 kb and 2.2 kb wore identified by N-ras gone hybridization in 6 out of 9 mRNA samples from primary hepatic carcinoma specimen. N-ras specific mRNA was not detectable in mRNA samples from normal human liver and tumor surrounding cirrhotic tissue. No detectable hybridization of mRNA from hepatoma and normal liver with Ki-ras or Ha-ras was observed.As human N-ras gene has been identified in DNA of mouse transfeetants transformed with PHC DNA, it strongly suggests that N-ras gene might be responsible for the transforming activity of part of cases of human liver cancer.     

1957年國際高分子化學討論會(續)

四.縮合聚合 這次縮合聚合方面的論文,分别在第8,9,14三個小組報告,第8小組係環型單體的聚合,主要是報告己內酰胺聚合方面的工作,共有論文10篇。第9小組係縮聚反應,共有論文14篇。第14小組係無機聚合物而元素有機高分子化合物的論文3篇列在這一組內報告。在第8小組     

启东鸭肝癌中人HBV突变体(pDKHBV)的DNA序列

本文首次报道对启东鸭肝癌中存在的人HBV样DNA~([3])(pDKHBV)的全序列分析。本工作建立了pDKHBV的M_(13)重组克隆及亚克隆,并应用末端终止法测定了它的全序列。结果表明,它长3218bp,与鸭乙型肝炎病毒无关,而同人乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因组有91％以上同源性(其中与adw_2亚型有99.0％同源性),存在与HBV一致的4个开放阅读框架,并在Pre-S_1基因下游59个核苷酸,以及C基因3′端分别有1个和2个核苷酸的缺失,造成Pre-S_1基因第58个密码子、C基因第158个密码子出现终止信号,以及P基因第21个密码子起发生移码突变。以上结果表明启东鸭肝癌中存在adw_2亚型HBV的非复制型突变体。由于启东鸭肝癌高发且与人肝癌高发有相关性,提示HBV作为人和鸭肝癌共同病因的可能性。     

場发射显微鏡和場离子显微鏡

場发射显微鏡是密勒(Muller)在1936年发明的,但其重要性却直到第二次世界大战之后才逐漸被认识。近年来,超高真空技术飞速进步,为場发射显微鏡的发展和应用提供了条件,現在場发射显微鏡已成为在表面現象的研究中最受重视的一种技术了。利用这种技术使我們能够直接观察到不同晶面的不同吸附性质以及吸附原子或分子在表面上的活动情况,甚至可以看到个別吸附分子的象。1951年密勒进一步发明了場离千显微鏡,它的分辨能力此場发射显微鏡更     

用红外光譜研究聚顺丁烯二酸乙二酯的顺-反異构化

1.以顺式和反式丁烯二酸二乙酯为模型化合物,确定表征聚酯中顺、反构型的红外光谱特征吸收带。顺式为825,1410和3052厘米~(-1),反式为780,1371和3072厘米~(-1)。 2.测定一系列顺式聚酯和反式聚酯混合弑样在825和780厘米(-1)的光密度比值,得到可以定量顺、反构型的工作曲线。 3.缩聚反应温度和反应时间对顺-反异构化有显著的影响。提高温度和延长反应时间都会增加聚酯中反式构型的含量。顺-反异构化反应系属一极反应,反应活化能为19千卡/克分子。 4.在顺丁烯二酸酐和乙二醇的缩聚过程中反式构型的增多是聚合物粘度增大的主要因素。