撕裂模实时主动控制系统

在HL-2A装置上发展了一套撕裂模实时主动控制系统。该系统在放电期间用电子回旋发射/软X射线诊断实时确定撕裂模的几何位置,结合实时剖面重建和电子回旋波沉积计算,得到电子回旋波反射镜的控制角度值。通过电机实时驱动电子回旋波反射镜到达指定角度,使得电子回旋波功率沉积在撕裂模的有理磁面附近,改变当地局部的电流剖面,从而控制撕裂模,改善等离子体约束。该系统已经在2015年以后的实验中投入使用,并取得了良好的控制效果。它不仅能够实时发现并控制经典撕裂模,并且具有控制新经典撕裂模的潜力。     

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采用TORAY代码对HL-2A装置ECRH系统在单零点偏滤器位形下的波与等离子体相互作用的情况进行了模拟计算,研究了等离子体和波参数对ECRH波迹和功率沉积以及电流驱动的影响。根据数值计算结果,HL-2A装置ECRH系统在等离子体线平均密度为3.0×1013cm-3、中心电子温度为1.19keV的情况下,以O模作为入射波垂直入射时的单次吸收系数为99.3%,最大电流驱动效率为0.005×1020A.W-1.m-2。     

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HL-2A装置1MW/68GHz/1s电子回旋共振加热传输系统有两条传输线，每条传输线包括波纹波导、换向波导和直流隔离器。HE11模式微波在波导中传输，微波损失小且模式纯度高。用激光校准及用热敏纸测量短脉冲微波模式分布的手段确保传输线的准直性。传输线的倾斜角度小于0.0054rad。     

HL-2A装置ECRH／ECCD天线系统的设计

电子回旋加热和电子回旋驱动（ECRH／ECCD）近年来取得了巨大的进展，如Tore Supra，JT-60U，Heliotron J。与其它的加热和驱动相比，ECRH／ECCD有很多优点。首先，天线可以远离等离子体；其次，ECRH／ECCD的能量可以以功率很集中的高斯束分布注入到等离子体，得到高度集中的定域的能量沉积，使得E-CRH／ECCD成为一种理想的定域的MHD控制手段。     

Observation of E×B Flow Velocity Profile Change Using Doppler Reflectometry in HL-2A

A broadband, O-mode sweeping Doppler reflectometry designed for measuring plasma E×B flow velocity profiles is operated in HL-2A. The main feature of the Doppler reflectometry is its capability to be tuned to any selected frequency in total waveband from 26-40 GHz. This property enables us to probe several plasma layers within a short time interval during a discharge, permitting the characterization of the radial distribution of plasma fluctuations. The system allows us to extract important information about the velocity change layer, namely its spatial localization. In purely Ohmic discharge a change of the E×B flow velocity profiles has been observed in the region for 28 〈 r 〈 30cm if only the line average density exceeds 2.2×10^19 m^-3. The density gradient change is measured in the same region, too.     

Investigation of impurity transport using laser blow-off technique in the HL-2A Ohmic and ECRH plasmas

Impurity transports in two neighboring discharges with and without electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH)are studied in the HL-2A tokamak by laser blow-off(LBO) technique.The progression of aluminium ions as the trace impurity is monitored by soft x-ray(SXR) and bolometer detector arrays with good temporal and spatial resolutions.Obvious difference in the time trace of the signal between the Ohmic and ECRH L-mode discharges is observed.Based on the numerical simulation with one-dimensional(1D) impurity transport code STRAHL,the radial profiles of impurity diffusion coefficient D and convective velocity V are obtained for each shot.The result shows that the diffusion coefficient D significantly increases throughout the plasma minor radius for the ECRH case with respect to the Ohmic case,and that the convection velocity V changes from negative(inward) for the Ohmic case to partially positive(outward) for the ECRH case.The result on HL-2A confirms the pump out effect of ECRH on impurity profile as reported on various other devices.     

Investigation of impurity transport using supersonic molecular beam injected neon in HL-2A ECRH plasma

In this paper, we describe the behavior of impurity transport in the HL-2A electron cyclotron resonance heating （ECRH） L-mode plasma. The neon as a trace impurity is injected by the supersonic molecular beam injection （SMBI） technique, which is used for the first time to study the impurity transport in HL-2A. The progression of neon ions is monitored by the soft X-ray camera and bolometer arrays with good temporal and spatial resolutions. The convection and diffusion process of the neon ions are investigated with the one-dimensional impurity transport code STRAHL. The results show that the diffusion coefficient D of neon ions is a factor of four larger than the neoclassical value in the central region. The value of D is larger in the outer region of the plasma （ρ 〉 0.6） than in the central region of the plasma （ρ 〈 0.6）. The convective velocity directs inwards with a value of ～-1.0 m/s in the Ohmic discharge, but it reverses to direct outwards with a value of ～ 8.0 m/s in the outer region of the plasma when ECRH is applied. The result indicates that the impurity transport is strongly enhanced with ECRH.     

HL-2M 装置电子回旋共振加热及电流驱动系统设计与研制进展

根据 HL-2M 装置物理实验加热的需求,完成了总功率为 8MW 的电子回旋共振加热及电流驱动 (ECRH/ECCD)系统设计,开展了波源、传输及天线等关键部件研制。8MW ECRH/ECCD 系统,由 8 套 105GHz/  1MW/3s 波源系统、8 条内径为 63.5mm 的真空传输线及三套极向实时可控的发射天线构成。目前,已完成 ECRH/ECCD 系统关键部件研制及其相关的桌面与高功率性能测试。测试结果表明,微波源回旋管输出微波功率 达到1MW/3s,在真空度为 10^‒2Pa 的过模波纹圆波导传输线中能低耗稳定传输,发射天线极向全量程角度转动响 应时间在 50ms 以内。      

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介绍了HL-2A装置低杂波加热系统中的低压部分实时保护系统的原理和工作情况。实时保护电路工作可靠,系统低压部份响应延迟时间小于1μs。在2004年的单只速调管实验中,对波导内拉弧打火,速调管管体电流和速调管集电极过流进行了实时保护,各个保护对象都有专用的探头进行测量,其中管体电流探头精度达到0.7%。实验信号的分析表明保护系统的设计达到了实验要求,有效地保护了实验对象。     

HL-2A装置低杂波保护系统研制

1995年以来在HL-1M装置上成功地进行了LHCD实验，取得了丰硕的成果。2004年的LHCD实验是在HL-1M装置基础上改进的HL-2A装置上进行的。保护系统的优化是LHCD系统提高与完善的重要内容之一。LHCD微波功率传输系统的波导天线内部拉弧打火探测及其保护系统，微波功率输出系统速调管的管体电流定量测量及其保护系统都是本年度实验的重要项目。