熔石英光学元件的损伤前驱及其抑制技术北大核心CSCD

基于抛光所引起的熔石英元件表面、亚表面所存在的损伤前驱体分布,研究了不同种类的损伤前驱体所引起的损伤形貌。然后根据不同种类的损伤前驱体分别采用表面活性剂、强氧化性酸、氢氟酸的水溶液对不同的损伤前驱体进行处理。研究结果显示:经过前期预先清洗以后,吸收性杂质所导致的雾状损伤得以消除,亚表面分布的裂纹得以很好地平滑钝化,极大地提升了熔石英光学元件的抗损伤性能,损伤阈值从4.8J/cm2提高到11.0J/cm2,最大提升幅度达到原来的2.3倍。     

美国大学先修(AP)物理课程分析

大学先修物理课程是美国的大学先修(AP)课程中的重要组成部分,课程由AP物理1、AP物理2、AP物理C-力学和AP物理C-电磁学4门子课程组成。本文基于现行的AP物理课程大纲,解读其课程理念和知识框架,并结合其评价考核方式分析AP物理课程体系的优点,以期对国内大学物理先修课程的建设予以启示。本文还以附录的形式给出一道AP物理C-电磁学原题。     

Generalized chaos synchronization of a weighted complex network with different nodes

This paper proposes a method of realizing generalized chaos synchronization of a weighted complex network with different nodes. Chaotic systems with diverse structures are taken as the nodes of the complex dynamical network, the nonlinear terms of the systems are taken as coupling functions, and the relations among the nodes are built through weighted connections. The structure of the coupling functions between the connected nodes is obtained based on Lyapunov stability theory. A complex network with nodes of Lorenz system, Coullet system, Rõssler system and the New system is taken as an example for simulation study and the results show that generalized chaos synchronization exists in the whole weighted complex network with different nodes when the coupling strength among the nodes is given with any weight value. The method can be used in realizing generalized chaos synchronization of a weighted complex network with different nodes. Furthermore, both the weight value of the coupling strength among the nodes and the number of the nodes have no effect on the stability of synchronization in the whole complex network.     

Production of exotic neutron-deficient isotopes near N,Z=50 in multinucleon transfer reactions

The multinucleon transfer reaction in the collisions of ~(40) Ca+ ~(124) Sn at Ec.m. = 128.5 MeV is investigated using the improved quantum molecular dynamics model. The measured angular distributions and isotopic distributions of the products are reproduced reasonably well by the calculations. The multinucleon transfer reactions of ~(40) Ca +~(112) Sn, ~(58) Ni + ~(112) Sn, ~(106) Cd + ~(112) Sn, and ~(48) Ca + ~(112) Sn are also studied. This demonstrates that the combinations of neutron-deficient projectile and target are advantageous for the production of exotic neutron-deficient nuclei near N,Z =50. The charged particles' emission plays an important role at small impact parameters in the de-excitation processes of the system. The production cross sections of the exotic neutron-deficient nuclei in multinucleon transfer reactions are much larger than those measured in the fragmentation and fusion-evaporation reactions. Several new neutron-deficient nuclei can be produced in the ~(106) Cd + ~(112) Sn reaction. The corresponding production cross sections for the new neutron-deficient nuclei,~(101,112) Sb,~(103) Te,and ~106,107) I,are 2.0 nb,4.1 nb,6.5 nb,0.4 μb and 1.0 μb,respectively.     

K9和熔石英玻璃纳秒基频激光损伤特性的实验对比研究

利用光学元件基频激光损伤测试平台,通过实验测试相同条件下K9和熔石英两类常用 光学元件的初始损伤阈值、损伤增长阈值和损伤增长规律,对比研究了两类光学元件的基频激光损伤特性.结果表明,K9和熔石英光学元件的初始损伤阈值基本相同,损伤面积增长都遵循指数性增长规律,损伤深度成线性增长.但两者损伤增长特性仍有很大的差别,与熔石英相比,K9激光损伤增长阈值较低,并且相同通量下的激光损伤增长更为迅速,通过两类光学材料抗压性能的巨大差异很好地解释了这一现象.该研究结果对国内高功率激光装置的透射光学材料工程应用有非常重要的参考价值.     

Optical properties of Mg~(2+),Yb~(3+),and Ho~(3+) tri-doped LiNbO_3 crystals

A series of LiNbO_3 crystals tri-doped with Mg~(2+),Yb~(3+),and Ho~(3+) are grown by the conventional Czochraski technique.The concentrations of Mg~(2+),Yb~(3+),and Ho~(3+) ions in Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO_3 crystals are measured by using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.The x-ray diffraction is proposed to determine the lattice constant and analyze the internal structure of the crystal.The light-induced scattering of Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO_3 crystal is quantitatively described via the threshold effect of incident exposure energy flux.The exposure energy(E_r) is calculated to discuss the optical damage resistance ability.The exposure energy of Mg(7 mol):Yb:Ho:LiNbO3 crystal is 709.17 J/cm~2,approximately 425 times higher than that of the Mg(l mol):Yb:Ho:LiNbO_3 crystal in magnitude.The blue,red,and very intense green bands of Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO_3 crystal are observed under the 980-nm laser excitation to evaluate the up-conversion emission properties.The dependence of the emission intensity on pumping power indicates that the up-conversion emission is a two-photon process.The up-conversion emission mechanism is discussed in detail.This study indicates that Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO_3 crystal can be applied to the fabrication of new multifunctional photoluminescence devices.     

关于格蕴涵代数的结构的一些讨论

讨论格蕴涵代数的一些格论性质，证明不存在含中界元的非链的有限格蕴涵代数，为进一步讨论由语言真值构成的格蕴涵代数的结构提供条件。     

近红外光谱结合灰狼算法优化支持向量机实现烟叶产地快速鉴别

烟草是一种成分复杂的天然植物,地理位置、生长条件等外界因素直接影响着烟叶的品质;我国烟叶种植范围十分广泛,每个产区种植的烟叶都有其独特的风格特征,不同产区的烟叶配比对卷烟的质量起着决定性的作用。为实现烟叶产地准确、快速判别,基于近红外光谱(NIRS),采用灰狼算法(GWO)优化的支持向量机(SVM)算法实现烟叶产地鉴别分类。以8个产地的824个烟叶样本为研究对象,基于x-y距离样本集划分(SPXY)方法得到校正集617个和验证集207个样品。首先应用最佳波长筛选方法,如竞争自适应加权采样(CARS)和随机青蛙(RF)算法减少光谱冗余信息,最终从1 609个变量中分别获得141和534个与产地相关的重要变量,并以此输入SVM作为建模数据,接下来在相同搜索范围内比较了粒子群优化算法(PSO)、遗传算法(GA)和GWO对SVM分类模型的优化效果。结果表明,经RF筛选后的光谱变量较CARS具有更好的产地建模性能,其中RF-GWO-SVM对8个产地烟叶的整体判别正确率达到了96.62%,相较于RF-PSO-SVM和RF-GA-SVM正确率更高。同时,RF-GWO-SVM的运行时间分别比RF-PS...     

CuCo/BNNSs纳米催化剂对固态储氢材料氨硼烷水解的催化性能

采用共还原法将CuCo双金属负载到通过聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)辅助离子插层法制备的少层氮化硼纳米片(BNNSs)上,获得了平均粒径为2.7 nm且高度分散的铜钴/氮化硼纳米片(CuCo/BNNSs)纳米催化剂。通过原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和高分辨率透射电镜(HRTEM)对载体及催化剂的结构及形貌进行表征,并研究了CuCo/BNNSs的催化性能。研究发现,由于Cu、Co、BNNSs和OH-之间高效的四重效应协同使得Cu0.5Co0.5/BNNSs纳米催化剂在室温、pH=14条件下对氨硼烷(AB,NH3BH3)水解释氢具有极高的催化活性。转化频率(TOF)值达到104.52 molH2·molmetal^-1·min^-1,且CuCo/BNNSs纳米催化剂具有良好的稳定性,6次循环利用后仍保持较高催化活性。