状态空间约束下一个最大值原理互补松驰强形式的分析

分析了约束条件不显式地包含控制变量时的有界状态变量约束条件下,一种应用最大值原理求解最优控制问题的方法所要求的互补松驰条件的强形式.在最优轨线从约束条件起作用到不起作用的连接点,该强形式条件不是总成立的,此时应使用互补松驰条件的一般形式来求解.算例分析证明了上述结论.     

新手化学教师NOS-PCK的调查研究*

使用内容分析法,以广东省的30名新手化学教师为样本,测查了他们在教学设计中体现的NOS-PCK组分情况。结果表明:新手化学教师的NOS-PCK大部分能涉及到2~3种组分。具体而言,KoS组分出现的频次最高,KoA组分次之,而KoC组分与KoL组分出现的频次较低。据此对我国化学教师教育及其研究提出相关建议。     

三结点hierarchical晶格上具有三体相互作用伊辛模型的临界行为

本文运用严格重整化交换研究了三结点hierarchical晶格上具有三体相互作用的伊辛模型。研究表明,与布喇菲晶格上的情况一样,最近邻二体相互作用伊辛模型与三体相互作用伊辛模型(Baxter-Wu模型)属于不同的普适类。     

Novel deletion of the E3A ubiquitin protein ligase gene detected by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification in a patient with Angelman syndrome

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a severe neurobehavioural disorder caused by failure of expression of the maternal copy of the imprinted domain located on 15q11-q13. There are different mechanisms leading to AS: maternal microdeletion, uniparental disomy, defects in a putative imprinting centre, mutations of the E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (UBE3A) gene. However, some of suspected cases of AS are still scored negative to all the latter mutations. Recently, it has been shown that a proportion of negative cases bear large deletions overlapping one or more exons of the UBE3A gene. These deletions are difficult to detect by conventional gene-scanning methods due to the masking effect by the non-deleted allele. In this study, we have used for the first time multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and comparative multiplex dosage analysis (CMDA) to search for large deletions affecting the UBE3A gene. Using this approach, we identified a novel causative deletion involving exon 8 in an affected sibling. Based on our results, we propose the use of MLPA as a fast, accurate and inexpensive test to detect large deletions in the UBE3A gene in a small but significant percentage of AS patients.     

Measurement of the resistivity of porous materials with an alternating air-flow method

Air-flow resistivity is a main parameter governing the acoustic behavior of porous materials for sound absorption. The international standard ISO 9053 specifies two different methods to measure the air-flow resistivity, namely a steady-state air-flow method and an alternating air-flow method. The latter is realized by the measurement of the sound pressure at 2 Hz in a small rigid volume closed partially by the test sample. This cavity is excited with a known volume-velocity sound source implemented often with a motor-driven piston oscillating with prescribed area and displacement magnitude. Measurements at 2 Hz require special instrumentation and care. The authors suggest an alternating air-flow method based on the ratio of sound pressures measured at frequencies higher than 2 Hz inside two cavities coupled through a conventional loudspeaker. The basic method showed that the imaginary part of the sound pressure ratio is useful for the evaluation of the air-flow resistance. Criteria are discussed about the choice of a frequency range suitable to perform simplified calculations with respect to the basic method. These criteria depend on the sample thickness, its nonacoustic parameters, and the measurement apparatus as well. The proposed measurement method was tested successfully with various types of acoustic materials.     

交叉概率对改进遗传算法运算速度影响的测试与分析

在现有文献基础上,通过理论分析,提出了交叉概率应取1.通过四个测试函数的测试结果,表明交叉概率越大,运算速度越快,平均运行代数越少,验证了通过理论分析提出的交叉概率应取1的科学性和可行性.同时克服了交叉概率难以确定以及确定交叉概率时缺少理论依据的不足.     

绿色建筑前期设计阶段的多目标优化及多属性决策模型

综合考虑建筑物的体型参数、围护结构参数和功能布局的影响,运用层次分析法将描述性的功能目标转化为定量值,建立绿色建筑前期设计阶段的能耗、成本和功能的多目标优化模型。针对模型变量的离散性,以邻域拓扑结构改进粒子群算法,防止陷入局部最优,得到绿色建筑方案的Pareto解集。在绿色建筑多属性决策中引入马氏距离与组合赋权方法,对最优方案进行排序决策。通过案例分析验证该模型的效果,在保证一定功能的前提下,可获得较低的能耗和成本,实现绿色建筑设计理念。     

一种推广伊辛自旋模型的实空间重正化群理论

本文提出了一种推广的伊辛自旋模型。它包括了伊辛自旋模型、Schofield和Bowers提出的混合自旋模型以及一种特殊的格点稀释伊辛自旋模型作为特例。运用实空间重正化群得到了这个推广模型的相变流图和三个非平庸不动点(一个伊辛不动点,一个三相不动点和一个一级相变不动点)。结果表明:混合自旋模型和伊辛模型属于同一普适类。证实了Schofield和Bowers通过直接对混合自旋模型临界指数的计算所做的结论。 关键词：     

Single cell 3-D platform to study ligand mobility in cell-cell contact

Lateral mobility and dimensionality have both been shown to influence cellular behavior, but have yet to be combined and applied in a single in vitro platform to address, e.g., cell adhesion in a setting mimicking the three-dimensional environment of neighboring cells in a reductionist way. To study the effect of the lateral mobility of cell adhesive ligands in three dimensions we present and characterize a platform, which enables patterning of single cells into microwells presenting a cell membrane mimetic interface pre-patterned to its walls. Soluble E-cadherin extracellular domains coupled through an optimized streptavidin-antibody linkage to lipids in a supported lipid bilayer (SPB) were presented on the microwell walls as either laterally mobile or immobile ligands. The fluidity was controlled through a small change in temperature by choosing phospholipids for the SPB with a lipid phase transition temperature around 30 °C. The platform thus enabled the investigation of cell adhesion to either laterally immobile or mobile E-cadherin ligands presented on the same cell membrane mimetic surface. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells engineered to express E-cadherin that were cultured on the platform demonstrated that enhanced cadherin lateral mobility significantly decreased the formation of actin bundles and resulted in more diffuse actin organization, while constraining the cell shape to that of the microwell. This example highlights the potential to use in vitro cell culture platforms to mimic direct cell-cell interaction in a controlled environment that nevertheless captures the dynamic nature of the native cell environment.     

Monte Carlo and event-driven dynamics of Brownian particles with orientational degrees of freedom

Recently, a simple scaling argument was introduced that allows us to map, with some precautions, Brownian and Monte Carlo dynamics for spherical particles. Here, we extend the scaling to study systems that have orientational degrees of freedom and carefully asses its validity over a wide region of temperature and density. Our work allows us to devise a Brownian Monte Carlo algorithm that produces, to a good approximation, physically meaningful trajectories with a minimum programming effort, although at the expense of some sampling efficiency.