荧光猝灭法对超支化聚合物囊泡温敏性翻转的研究

本文利用稳态瞬态荧光光谱法对硝酸铊猝灭芘标记超支化聚合物囊泡的机理进行了探讨,并将猝灭实验应用于超支化聚合物囊泡温敏性翻转的研究。结果发现,硝酸铊对芘标记超支化聚合物囊泡的猝灭属于动态过程,并且有选择性地猝灭囊泡双分子层的外层;聚合物链段温敏性的转变,引起该链段在囊泡双分子层间的再分布,从而导致超支化聚合物囊泡翻转。     

探究性教学情景下的大学物理课堂评估策略

为了评估大学物理探究性教学情景下的学生综合素质,本文作者研究课堂评估法在探究性课题教学过程中各阶段的实施策略,并进行相应教学实验,得出针对大学物理探究性教学情景下的课堂评估实施原则、方式、标准.实践表明课堂评估法与探究性教学实现了有机融合,促进了学生综合素质的提高,是一种行之有效的评估学生综合素质的教学评价方法.     

Dark blue erenkov second harmonic generation in the two-layer-stacked hexagonal periodically poled MgO:LiNbO_3s

We report the dark blue nonlinearˇCerenkov radiation by the second harmonic generation(SHG)in a two-layer-stacked hexagonal periodically-poled-MgO:LiNbO3s(PPMgOLNs).Based on the direct wafer bonding of two target PPMgOLNs rotating around the axis perpendicular to the plane with an angle of 30°,twelve bright spots as twice of those in a single PPMgOLN are shown at each second-harmonicˇCerenkov ring.The experimental results agree with the theoretical ones and present a promising application in the fabrication of three-dimensional(3D)PPMgOLNs.     

Image reconstruction tomography with only a method for laminar optical single Monte-Carlo simulation

Laminar optical tomography （LOT） is a new mesoscopic functional optical imaging technique. Currently, the forward problem of LOT image reconstruction is generally solved on the basis of Monte-Carlo （MC） methods. However, considering the nonlinear nature of the image reconstruction in LOT with the increasing number of source positions, methods based on MC take too much computation time. This letter develops a fast image reconstruction algorithm based on perturbation MC （pMC） for reconstructing the absorption or scattering image of a slab medium, which is suitable for LOT or other functional optical tomography system with narrow source-detector separation and dense sampling. To calculate the pMC parameters, i.e., the path length passed by a photon and the collision numbers experienced in each voxel with only one baseline MC simulation, we propose a scheme named as the trajectory translation and target voxel regression （TT＆TVR） based on the reciprocity principle. To further speed up the image reconstruction procedure, the weighted average of the pMC parameters for all survival photons is adopted and the region of interest （ROI） is extracted from the raw data to save as the prior information of the image reconstruction. The method is applied to the absorption reconstruction of the layered inhomogeneous media. Results demonstrate that the reconstructing time is less than 20 s with the X - Y section of the sample subdivided into 50 × 50 voxels, and the target size quantitativeness ratio can be obtained in a satisfying accuracy in the source-detector separations of 0.4 and 1.25 mm, respectively.     

Spectroscopic properties and mechanism of Tm^3＋/Er^3＋/Yb^3＋ co-doped oxyfluorogermanate glass ceramics containing BaF2 nanocrystals

Transparent Tm^3＋/Er^3＋/yb^3＋ co-doped oxyfluorogermanate glass ceramics containing BaF2 nanocrystals are prepared. Under excitation of a 980-nm laser diode （LD）, compared with the glass before heat treatment, the Tm^3＋/Er^3＋/yb^3＋ co-doped oxyfluorogermanate glass ceramics can emit intense blue, green and red up-conversion luminescence and Stark- split peaks; X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscope （TEM） results show that BaF2 nanocrystals with an average diameter of 20 nm are precipitated from the glass matrix. Stark splitting of the up-conversion luminescence peaks in the glass ceramics indicates that Tm^3＋, Er^3＋ and （or） Yb^3＋ ions are incorporated into the BaF2 nanocrystals. The up-conversion luminescence intensities of Tm^3＋, Er^3＋ and the splitting degree of luminescence peaks in the glass ceramics increase significantly with the increase of heat treat temperature and heat treat time extension. In addition, the possible energy transfer process between rare earth ions and the up-conversion luminescence mechanism are also proposed.     

Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and fluctuation relations for small systems

In this review, we give a retrospect of the recent progress in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and thermodynamics in small dynamical systems. For systems with only a few number of particles, fluctuations and nonlinearity become significant and contribute to the nonequilibrium behaviors of the systems, hence the statistical properties and thermodynamics should be carefully studied. We review recent developments of this topic by starting from the Gallavotti–Cohen fluctuation theorem, and then to the Evans–Searles transient fluctuation theorem, Jarzynski free-energy equality, and the Crooks fluctuation relation. We also investigate the nonequilibrium free energy theorem for trajectories involving changes of the heat bath temperature and propose a generalized free-energy relation. It should be noticed that the non-Markovian property of the heat bath may lead to the violation of the free-energy relation.     

Plasmon-induced absorption in stacked metamaterials based on phase retardation

In this paper, based on the constructive interference of plasmonic dipolar and quadrupolar modes, a classical analogue of electromagnetically induced absorption （EIA） is demonstrated theoretically in a stacked metamaterial consisting of a short metal strip （which acts as a bright resonator） and a long metal strip （acting as a dark resonator）, which has been reported to support the electromagnetically induced transparency （EIT） effect. The transition from EIA to EIT can be clearly observed in the absorbance spectra via varying the vertical spacing between two resonant oscillators. With the help of the coupled two-oscillator model, the phase shift between the bright and dark resonance modes is calculated by fitting the simulated absorbance spectra, which reveals the physical mechanisms behind constructive and destructive interference effects in EIT/EIA metamaterials.     

MILD煤粉燃烧湍流与化学反应相互作用的数值分析

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟方法分析了湍流与化学反应相互作用下MILD煤粉燃烧的微观特征。比较了涡耗散模型(EDM模型)和涡耗散概念模型(EDC模型)对MILD煤粉燃烧的影响,两者得到的速度场、温度场、烟气成分等结果与实验结果符合较好.在此基础上分析了MILD煤粉燃烧湍流和化学反应的微观特征尺度,发现采用EDC模型能更准确地反映MILD煤粉燃烧的微观特征,即山于强烈的烟气内部再循环导致的高湍流混合和烟气稀释后低氧浓度下的缓慢化学反应.     

S型叶尖小翼对风轮近尾迹声辐射影响的实验研究

采用5因素5水平的正交实验方法,找到在不同尖速比下均具有较好功率放大效果的S型叶尖小翼结构,对其影响近尾迹流动与声辐射的特征进行了测试。发现该小翼可以打散从风轮叶尖脱落的叶尖涡结构,在测试方位面内形成多个涡量集中区域,而且使叶尖涡内高涡量区域减小,降低叶尖涡的强度。同时,该小翼还可以使叶尖附近的压力脉动衰减,高压力脉动区域缩小,降低声辐射的强度,有效降低近尾迹中的声压级,靠近风轮附近测点的最大声压级降幅超过10dB,在1倍风轮直径下游位置的声压级降幅为2~7 dB.对S型叶尖小翼影响近尾迹流动和声辐射的研究,为提高风力机性能和降噪途径的探索积累了经验.     

甲烷湍流射流火焰锋面结构的激光PLIF测量

利用OH-PLIF技术,研究了甲烷空气预混射流火焰,在不同出口雷诺数下,不同氮气稀释比例下火焰OH自由基的二维分布以及火焰的前锋面结构特性,以此实现对柔和燃烧的基础特性研究。实验结果显示,在获得大量氮气稀释后,预混火焰的OH浓度峰值减少了30%以上,并且整个燃烧反应明显延迟,但火焰面面密度没有发生明显变化。同时发现,改变出口雷诺数对火焰OH浓度影响较小,但是增加出口雷诺数可以扩大燃烧反应区。