促销打折中的数学

如今社会,商品琳琅满目,绝大多数商品供过于求,漫步大街上,各商家促销手段多种多样,“节假日促销”上大做文章对商家来说更是费尽心机:打折、赠送礼物、抽奖、赠送现金券等.那么,这些促销方式中有什么学问呢?商家所得利润,商家心中有数,作为消费者的     

Efficient Quantum Cryptography Network without Entanglement and Quantum Memory

An efficient quantum cryptography network protocol is proposed with d-dimensional polarized photons, without resorting to entanglement and quantum memory. A server on the network, say Alice, provides the service for preparing and measuring single photons whose initial state are ｜0〉. The users code the information on the single photons with some unitary operations. To prevent the untrustworthy server Alice from eavesdropping the quantum lines, a nonorthogonal-coding technique is used in the process that the quantum signal is transmitted between the users. This protocol does not require the servers and the users to store the quantum states and almost all of the single photons can be used for carrying the information, which makes it more convenient for application than others with present technology. We also discuss the case with a faint laser pulse.     

Multiparty Quantum Secret Report

A multiparty quantum secret report scheme is proposed with quantum encryption. The boss Alice and her M agents first share a sequence of （M ＋ 1）-particle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger （GHZ） states that only Alice knows which state each （M ＋ 1）-particle quantum system is in. Each agent exploits a controlled-not （CNot） gate to encrypt the travelling particle by using the particle in the GHZ state as the control qubit. The boss Alice decrypts the travelling particle with a CNot gate after performing a aσ∞ operation on her particle in the GHZ state or not. After the GHZ states （the quantum key） are used up, the parties check whether there is a vicious eavesdropper, say Eve, monitoring the quantum line, by picking out some samples from the GHZ states shared and measuring them with two measuring bases. After confirming the security of the quantum key, they use the remaining GHZ states repeatedly for the next round of quantum communication. This scheme has the advantage of high intrinsic efficiency for the qubits and total efficiency.     

84.0MeV16O轰击238U核的裂变碎片角关联的测量

使用两块大面积位置灵敏双栅雪崩计数器,测量了84.0MeV¹⁶O轰击²³⁸U核的裂变碎片角关联及角分布.用裂变碎片折叠角技术区分了熔合裂变反应中的复合核裂变和转移裂变的两种成份.在总裂变截面中,转移裂变的贡献约为10%.由于转移裂变碎片角分布的各向异性较小,扣除转移裂变贡献后,纯复合核裂变碎片各向异性提高5%左右.裂变碎片异性异常不可能仅仅来源于转移裂变的贡献.     

恒星能量下核子俘获反应率的晕核效应

恒星能量下俘获截面很难直接测量。¹⁰Be（n，γ）¹¹Be俘获反应涉及到非均匀宇宙大爆炸核合成，无直接测量实验截面数据。利用转移反应¹⁰Be（d，p）¹¹Be的渐近归一化系数（ANC）方法，计算了¹⁰Be（n，γ）¹¹Be俘获反应截面和反应率。¹¹Be是中子晕核。研究表明，在恒星能量下俘获到晕态的截面和反应率显著增大。     

Faithful quantum entanglement sharing based on linear optics with additional qubits

This paper presents a scheme for faithfully distributing a pure entanglement between two parties over an arbitrary collective-noise channel with linear optics. The transmission is assisted by an additional qubit against collective noise. The receiver can take advantage of the time discrimination and the measurement results of the assistant qubit to reconstruct a pure entanglement with the sender. Although the scheme succeeds probabilistically, the resource used to get a pure entanglement state is finite, and so is easier to establish entanglement in practice than quantum entanglement purification.     

16O+238U垒下熔合裂变碎片角分布

利用云母核径迹探测器测量了轰击能量从73.7—93.4MeV的¹⁶O+²³⁸U反应的裂变截面和碎片角分布.用考虑了核静态形变的Wong模型很好地重现了裂变激发函数,由此抽取了复合核的自旋分布.同时,利用裂变鞍点过渡态理论以抽取的自旋分布计算了裂变碎片角分布,表明碎片各向异性实验值大于理论值.此外实验揭示出,在低能区碎片各向异性随入射能量变化的走向不同于以前的测量结果.     

16O+12C反应全熔合激发函数的测量

我们用位置灵敏的ΔE-E望远镜系统测量了入射能量为50－90MeV范围内的¹⁶O+¹²C反应全熔合截面,发现全熔合激发函数是不平滑的,存在着一些结构,其峰位约在26.0,31.0和36.4MeV.对实验结果进行了分析和讨论,并与前人的工作进行了比较.     

Two-body and three-body halo nuclei

We have extracted the nuclear asymptotic normalization coefficients (ANC) for the virtual transitions B→A+N via some transfer reactions and the radioactive nuclear beam experiments. With these coefficients, root-mean-square (rms) radii for the valence particle in some possible halo nuclei have been calculated. The values of rms radii extracted with ANC approach are nearly model-independent, hence are a good quantity for the investigation of nuclear halo. In addition, we have also calculated the rms radii for the two valence neutrons in some three-body systems in terms of the relationship between the radii of valence particle, core nucleus and nuclear matter. With two conditions for nuclear halo formation, we have examined these extracted rms radii. The results show that 11Be(1/2+, g.s), 12B(1-, 2.621 MeV), 13C(1/2+, 3.089 MeV), 14C(0-, 6.903 MeV), 14C(1-, 6.094 MeV), 15C(1/2+, g.s) and 19C(1/2+, g.s) with the valence particle in the 2s ground or excited state are the neutron halo nuclei, whereas 17F(1/2+, 0.495 MeV) and 21Na(1/2+, 2.423 MeV) are the proton halo nuclei in the excited state. For three-body systems, except the well-established two-neutron halo nuclei 6He and 11Li, 14Be and 17B might be the two-neutron halo nuclei as well.     

252Cf自发裂变中高能γ射线的搜索

为了探寻超密核存在的可能性,用铅玻璃契仑柯夫全吸收谱仪在²⁵²Cf自发裂变中搜索高能γ射线。给出能量在50到240兆电子伏区域的γ射线出现几率的上限值为1.4×10^-6/裂变（置信水平95％）.