P-型半导体探测器在放射治疗中的剂量特性研究

电子束半导体探测器的测量精度易受到射线的能量、剂量率、入射方向和环境温度等条件的影响。此外,电子束测量射野中半导体探测器的存在将干扰均匀射野剂量场的正常分布。通过对P-型电子束半导体探测器在不同的电子束照射条件下的实际剂量测量,定量地评估了不同照射条件下电子束半导体探测器的剂量特性,以及它对电子束均匀照射野扰动的影响。The measurement accuracy of electron beam by using semiconductor detector is easily affected by beam energy, dose rate, beam incidence direction, environment temperature etc. Furthermore, the presence of the detectors on the patient surface perturbs the distribution of the radiation field. In the paper, the dose characteristics of semiconductor detector are quantitatively discussed. The perturbation of the symmetrical radiation field is investigated based on the measured results of P-type electron beam detector under different clinical conditions.     

基于临床实例的影响蒙特卡罗程序MCNP计算精度和速度的若干参数模拟研究

蒙特卡罗方法是目前最精确的剂量计算方法,但其较长的模拟时间阻碍了它在临床治疗中的应用。基于蒙特卡罗程序MCNP4c,针对一临床头部病例,探讨了记数方法、电子和光子截断能、光子产生次级电子参数ENUM对计算速度和精度的影响,给出了在保证一定精度前提下的最佳计算模式,以获得计算速度的有效提升。Monte its long simulation and photons, and investigated based Carlo method is regarded as the most accurate method for dose calculation at present, whereas time hinders its clinic application. The effects of the tally method, the cut-off energy of electrons the secondary electron number parameter ENUM on precision and speed of MCNP4c have been on a clinical case to seek for a relatively optimum calculation mode.     

Realization and Comparison of Several Regression Algorithms for Electron Energy Spectrum Reconstruction

To determine the electron energy spectra for medical accelerator effectively, we investigate a nonlinear programming model with several nonlinear regression algorithms, including Levenberg-Marquardt, Quasi-Newton, Gradient, Conjugate Gradient, Newton, Principal-Axis and NMinimize algorithms. The local relaxation-bound method is also developed to increase the calculation accuracy. The testing results demonstrate that the above methods could reconstruct the electron energy spectra effectively. Especially, further with the local relaxationbound method the Levenberg Marquardt, Newton and NMinimize algorithms could precisely obtain both the electron energy spectra and the photon contamination. Further study shows that ignoring about 4% photon contamination would increase error greatly, and it also inaccurately makes the electron energy spectra ‘ddrift＇ to the low energy.     

蒙特卡罗剂量分布去噪中三维高斯和Savitzky-Golay滤波器的改进与混合

对模拟粒子轨迹数较少模拟时间较短的蒙特卡罗粗糙剂量分布进行三维滤波,可以加速其收敛速度.结合蒙特卡罗剂量分布特征,改进三维高斯和Savitzky-Golay滤波器,建立三维混合滤波方法,并比较并联和级联两种基本混合方式.根据卷积性质,提出用等效卷积核简化混合滤波器结构的方法.结果表明,改进后的高斯和Savitzky-Golay滤波器的整体去噪效果得以增强,混合滤波器进一步降低滤波结果的局部误差,两种混合滤波器都能够大幅度抑制MC粗糙剂量分布中的噪声,级联混合滤波器降噪效果略优于并联混合滤波器.     

α粒子对人体癌细胞损伤过程的蒙特卡罗模拟及分析

在重离子束治癌以及硼中子俘获治疗(BNCT)中，需要了解载能离子注入人体组织及人体细胞中引起的相关生物效应．为了更好地了解单个离子穿过单个细胞引起的生物学效应(即单粒子效应)，理解在细胞或亚细胞水平上的微观剂量分布，文章以BNCT为例，采用蒙特卡罗程序模拟α粒子在人体细胞中的输运过程，通过研究粒子的射程分布、径迹结构、能量沉积及靶损伤情况等，分析注入粒子对人体细胞的损伤效应．     

剂量引导精确放射治疗中三维评价算法设计及实现

针对临床剂量学验证中二维评价方法只能反映每张平片上剂量分布情况, 并根据剂量引导精确放疗系统中三维剂量验证需求设计算法实现对三维剂量分布的比较。 根据公式, 在Visual C++控制台下实现剂量偏差、 位置偏差及γ分析三维评价算法。 设计两个计划进行算法验证: 计划1为方野照射等效水, 用于验证算法的正确性; 计划2为适形野照射仿真头模, 用于验证算法的实用性。 结果表明, 计划1中, 对剂量偏差,容许值范围内通过率为100%; 对位置偏差和γ分析, 容许范围内通过率为100%,容许边界值处为100±7.7%。 计划2中, 3种算法通过率分别为88.35%、100%和95.07%。 这说明该算法可用于剂量引导精确放疗系统中实现三维剂量分布的评价。     

Multi-objective optimization of inverse planning for accurate radiotherapy

The multi-objective optimization of inverse planning based on the Pareto solution set, according to the multi-objective character of inverse planning in accurate radiotherapy, was studied in this paper. Firstly, the clinical requirements of a treatment plan were transformed into a multi-objective optimization problem with multiple constraints. Then, the fast and elitist multi-objective Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-Ⅱ) was introduced to optimize the problem. A clinical example was tested using this method. The results show that an obtained set of non-dominated solutions were uniformly distributed and the corresponding dose distribution of each solution not only approached the expected dose distribution, but also met the dose-volume constraints. It was indicated that the clinical requirements were better satisfied using the method and the planner could select the optimal treatment plan from the non-dominated solution set.     

基于混合Batho修正的RBM剂量计算方法在仿真头模实验中的剂量学验证

基于混合Batho修正的规则束模型剂量计算方法可以根据放射治疗过程中加速器相关物理参数和从病人的医学影像数据中获取的人体组织非均匀信息计算出人体内的剂量场数据。在简要介绍该方法的基础上,通过将其计算结果与仿真头模的实测结果进行对比,初步证明了该方法可以作为一种较为可靠的快速剂量计算方法供临床治疗计划系统使用。The dose distribution can be calculated by the Regular Beam Model （RBM） dose engine based on the accelerator parameters and the inhomogeneity data of the patient for the radiotherapy planning. In this paper, the newly-developed mixed Batho correction based RBM is introduced, and then the calculation results are compared with the measured ones using the head phantom. The results demonstrate that the RBM dose engine can be used as a kind of reliable fast dose calculation tool in the clinical treatment planning system.     

铅基反应堆研究进展与应用前景

核能是一种清洁、安全、高效的能源,具有大规模替代化石能源的潜力,在世界能源结构中占有重要地位。由于目前正在大规模应用的热中子反应堆存在资源利用率低、放射性废物积累和潜在核安全问题,特别是福岛事故后,安全性更高、可持续性更好的先进核能系统成为未来主要发展趋势。