High temperature thermal behaviour modeling of large-scale fused silica optics for laser facility

High temperature annealing is often used for the stress control of optical materials.However,weight and viscosity at high temperature may destroy the surface morphology,especially for the large-scale,thin and heavy optics used for large laser facilities.It is necessary to understand the thermal behaviour and design proper support systems for large-scale optics at high temperature.In this work,three support systems for fused silica optics are designed and simulated with the finite element method.After the analysis of the thermal behaviours of different support systems,some advantages and disadvantages can be revealed.The results show that the support with the optical surface vertical is optimal because both pollution and deformation of optics could be well controlled during annealing at high temperature.Annealing process of the optics irradiated by CO2 laser is also simulated.It can be concluded that high temperature annealing can effectively reduce the residual stress.However,the effects of annealing on surface morphology of the optics are complex.Annealing creep is closely related to the residual stress and strain distribution.In the region with large residual stress,the creep is too large and probably increases the deformation gradient which may affect the laser beam propagation.     

Influence of secondary treatment with CO_2 laser irradiation for mitigation site on fused silica surface

The ablation debris and raised rim, as well as residual stress and deep crater will be formed during the mitigation of damage site with a CO2 laser irradiation on fused silica surface, which greatly affects the laser damage resistance of optics. In this study, the experimental study combined with numerical simulation is utilized to investigate the effect of the secondary treatment on a mitigated site by CO_2 laser irradiation. The results indicate that the ablation debris and the raised rim can be completely eliminated and the depth of crater can be reduced. Notable results show that the residual stress of the mitigation site after treatment will reduce two-thirds of the original stress. Finally, the elimination and the controlling mechanism of secondary treatment on the debris and raised rim, as well as the reasons for changing the profile and stress are analyzed. The results can provide a reference for the optimization treatment of mitigation sites by CO_2 laser secondary treatment.     

1.064 μm脉冲激光作用下SiO2薄膜纹波损伤的模拟

 用1.064 μm波长的单脉冲(6 ns)激光对K9玻璃基底上电子束沉积的单层SiO₂薄膜进行了辐照损伤实验。以扫描电镜对K9基底的断面进行分析,并采用表面热透镜装置对膜层中的缺陷进行了检测,最后采用Matlab偏微分工具箱对缺陷的散射光光场进行了有限元模拟。实验研究表明：膜层中存在缺陷,基底中也存在大量缺陷。模拟研究表明：缺陷的位置越深,形成的条纹间距也越宽;当缺陷的形状不规则时,在局部出现近似平行的纹波结构;当缺陷的数目增加时,这些缺陷的散射光的叠加就形成相互叠加的条纹。     

聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法制备大孔α-氧化铝及其发光性能研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法制备了大孔α-氧化铝材料.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、荧光分光光度计表征了所制备的氧化铝样品.结果表明,在1150℃烧结温度下可获得高纯的α-氧化铝陶瓷材料,其形貌呈类电路板型(monolithic)大孔结构.荧光光谱测试分析发现,在228 nm波长的光激发下,其荧光光谱在300-400 nm范围内由两个主发射带组成,其峰值分别位于330 nm和365nm.基于实验结果,探讨了多孔氧化铝的形成机理和发光机制.     

形状与位置对断点划痕场分布的影响研究

用3维时域有限差分方法分别研究了在355 nm入射激光作用下, 熔石英后表面具有不同形状 和位置的断点划痕对场分布的影响.研究表明,对于椭圆状的坑点, 当共线的轴长逐渐 增大时, 电场幅值与强点数目先增大后减小, 获得最大光强增强因子的两轴 比是1.1-1.2, 此时坑点呈近圆形. 当平行的轴长逐步增大时,电场幅值先逐渐增大, 当两轴比为0.53时趋于平缓, 而强点总数则呈"J"形曲线不断增长. 当坑点尺寸相同 但排放位置不同时, 相邻坑点的相对面积愈大, 调制愈强.     

用激光清洗金膜表面硅油污染物

采用CO2激光对镀金K9玻璃表面的二甲基硅油污染物进行清洗,在激光器单点作用模式下,分别研究了激光功率和作用时间对清洗效果的影响;并研究了连续扫描工作模式下的激光清洗效果。采用光学显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪表征激光清洗效果,研究结果表明:通过良好的控制激光参数,采用CO2激光清洗二甲基硅油具有明显的效果;此种非接触式清洗方式可确保K9玻璃表面的金膜完好无损。采用有限元分析软件模拟计算了激光功率和作用时间对清洗过程中温度的影响,计算结果与实验结果规律一致。     

CO2激光对熔石英表面小尺寸损伤的修复

 利用10.6 μm的CO₂激光对不同直径的点状损伤和不同宽度的划痕进行了修复。经过波长351 nm的紫外激光考核发现,对于直径小于80 μm的点状损伤和对于宽度小于40 μm的划痕,随着损伤点尺寸和划痕宽度的增加,修复后阈值提高程度逐渐降低。划痕的宽度在达到40 μm以后修复效果非常微弱。修复过程中,由于作用时间较短及温度分布不均产生了热应力导致样片损伤以后产生径向裂痕,后续的紫外激光会使裂痕明显扩展。当样品被置于高温退火炉内退火3 h以后,应力导致开裂的现象得到了解决。     

离子注入金红石单晶生成的金属Ni纳米晶的磁学性能研究

 研究了能量为64keV、注量1×10¹⁷cm^-2的Ni离子注入金红石TiO₂单晶制备的植入金属纳米晶的微观结构和磁学性能。注入层的结构和磁学性能采用透射电子显微分析（TEM）和超导量子干涉磁强计（SQUID）进行分析。结果表明，金红石单晶中有尺寸为3～18nm的金属Ni纳米晶生成，注入区域基体明显非晶化。10K温度下金属Ni纳米晶的矫顽力约为16.8kA·m^-1，比Ni块材的矫顽力大。样品的零场冷却/有场冷却（ZFC/FC）曲线表明，金属Ni纳米晶的截止温度约为85K。     

铜膜和铁膜污染物诱导熔石英表面损伤行为的对比研究

采用人工溅射的方式分别在熔石英基片上镀制了光学厚度相近的铜膜和铁膜污染物。研究了熔石英基底在355nm波长的激光损伤阈值。分别采用透射式光热透镜技术、椭偏仪、原子力显微镜和光学显微镜研究了两类薄膜的热吸收、膜层厚度、表面微观形貌以及激光辐照后薄膜的损伤形貌。实验结果表明：熔石英表面的金属膜状污染物均导致基片损伤阈值下降,位于前表面的污染物引起的损伤阈值下降更为严重,约为23％。两种污染物薄膜引起基底的损伤形貌、基底损伤阈值的下降幅度与薄膜的热吸收系数与微观结构有关。从热力学响应角度,结合损伤形貌对污染物诱导熔石英表面形貌的损伤机理进行了讨论。     

Numerical simulation of modulation to incident laser by submicron to micron surface contaminants on fused silica

Modulation caused by surface/subsurface contaminants is one of the important factors for laser-induced damage of fused silica. In this work, a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain(3D-FDTD) method is employed to simulate the electric field intensity distribution in the vicinity of particulate contaminants on fused silica surface. The simulated results reveal that the contaminant on both the input and output surfaces plays an important role in the electric field modulation of the incident laser. The influences of the shape, size, embedded depth, dielectric constant(εr), and the number of contaminant particles on the electric field distribution are discussed in detail. Meanwhile, the corresponding physical mechanism is analyzed theoretically.