非均匀性对自由面粒子速度信号的影响

在平板撞击实验中,通常利用应力计或VISAR来获得样品中应力历史或自由面粒子速度信号来研究材料的动态力学性能.本文采用含预制缺陷的K9玻璃作为研究对象,利用口径为37mm火炮加载装置,在靶样品的自由面上2 mm线长度范围内,利用16路激光多普勒探针测量系统(DPS),对样品自由面不同位置的自由粒子速度同时进行测量,此方法不同于传统的单点VISAR测量样品自由面速度,其空间分辨率为127μm,可分辨材料内部非均匀性(尺寸大于127μm的夹杂、缺陷等)对自由面速度信号的影响.本文的实验方法可为从细观尺度研究材料动态力学性能提供一种研究思路.     

Structural and thermodynamic properties of wurtzite-type aluminium nitride from first-principles calculations

The lattice parameter, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative of the wurtzite-type aluminium nitride (w-AlN) are investigated by using the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) program in the framework of Density Functional Theory (DFT). The calculated results are in good agreement with the available experimental data and other theoretical results. Through the quasi-harmonic Debye model, the dependences of the normalized lattice parameters $a/a_{0}$ and $ c/c_{0}$, axial ratio $c/a$, normalized primitive-cell volume $V/V_{0}$, Debye temperature ${\it\Theta} _{\rm D} $ and heat capacity $C_{\rm V}$ on pressure $P $ and temperature $ T$ are obtained. It is found that the interlayer covalent interactions (Al-N bonds) are more (even a little) sensitive to temperature and pressure than intralayer ones (N--N bonds), which gives rise to a little lattice anisotropy in the w-AlN.     

Thermoelasticity of CaO from first principles

The thermoelastic properties of CaO over a wide range of pressure and temperature are studied using density functional theory in the generalized gradient approximation. The transition pressure taken from the enthalpy calculations is 66.7GPa for CaO, which accords with the experimental result very well. The athermal elastic moduli of the two phases of CaO are calculated as a function of pressure up to 200GPa. The calculated results are in excellent agreement with existing experimental data at ambient pressure and compared favourably with other pseudopotential predictions over the pressure regime studied. It is also found that the degree of the anisotropy rapidly decreases with pressure increasing in the B1 phase, whereas it strongly increases as the pressure increases in the B2 phase. The thermodynamic properties of the B1 phase of CaO are predicted using the quasi-harmonic Debye model; the heat capacity and entropy are consistent with other previous results at zero pressure.     

Melting and Grüneisen parameters of NaCl at high pressure

The Buckingham potential has been employed to simulate the melting and thermodynamic parameters of sodium chloride (NaCl) using the molecular dynamics (MD) method. The constant-volume heat capacity and Grüneisen parameters have been obtained in a wide range of temperatures. The calculated thermodynamic parameters are found to be in good agreement with the available experimental data. The NaCl melting simulations appear to validate the interpretation of superheating of the solid in the one-phase MD simulations. The melting curve of NaCl is compared with the experiments and other calculations at pressure 0－30GPa range.     

固氪物态方程的关联量子化学计算

运用多体展开理论和量子化学方法—–超分子单、双(三重)激发微扰处理耦合簇CCSD(T)方法,首次系统地计算了面心立方固氪在较宽(从晶格平衡位置到体积压缩率超过3倍)区间的两体、三体和四体相互作用对结合能和物态方程的贡献大小,包括Hartree-Fock自洽场项和范德瓦耳斯长程关联作用项;并与实验数据进行比较.结果表明,在考虑到两体、三体、四体相互作用能后,多体展开理论以及CCSD(T)方法对平衡位置结合能测量数据0—130 GPa整个研究区间的实验物态方程数据都做出令人满意的描述.     

激光驱动X光背光照相技术在金属靶微层裂研究中的应用探索

利用神光Ⅱ装置发射强激光一方面对铝靶进行烧蚀加载,另一方面驱动铜背光靶发射X光对铝靶微层裂产物进行针孔背光照相,结果获得了可忽略动态模糊的高清晰照片,标准丝阵检验表明分辨率优于40 m。铝靶微层裂产物照片清晰显示,靶破碎存在不同分区, 这直观揭示了靶破碎的不同机制。实验成功验证了激光驱动X光背光照相技术在金属靶微层裂研究中存在重要的应用前景。     

动高压加载下锆基金属玻璃强度测量

为了研究Zr₅₁Ti₅Ni₁₀Cu₂₅Al₉金属玻璃的高压强度特性,进行了平靶冲击实验。采用反向碰撞方式,运用DISAR技术测量金属玻璃样品/LiF窗口界面粒子速度剖面,分析粒子速度剖面获得了37~66GPa压力范围锆基金属玻璃的屈服强度和剪切模量。实验结果表明,在上述压力范围金属玻璃的屈服强度和剪切模量均显示出一定程度的压力硬化效应,分析表明金属玻璃冲击加载波阵面剪应力衰减并非由损伤/破坏或温度软化等因素导致。

     

重玻璃高压声速精密测量与反向加载光分析技术研究

研究了重玻璃黑体窗光分析技术,提出采用无氧铜标准样品(Hugoniot参数和声速 压力曲线已知)进行反向加载,确定重玻璃窗中的波后卸载声速,分析了声速测量不确定度。获得了76～160GPa压力范围内重玻璃Hugoniot参数、冲击温度和卸载声速的实验数据,声速测量不确定度小于2%。分析比较了不同装配条件对波形质量和声速测量不确定度的影响,发展了反向加载光分析技术。     

冲击压缩LY12铝向不同充气介质卸载后的光反射率实验研究

用二级氢气炮作为冲击压缩加载工具和多通道瞬态辐射高温计作为主要测量系统,对装有初始压力为6 MPa和1.2 MPa的氦气、氘气和氢氘混合气体冲击压缩等离子体的光谱幅亮度历史进行了测量。根据实测记录信号波形的有关特征量,拟合得到了冲击压缩LY12铝基板表面光反射率R。结果发现：受冲击LY12铝基板表面对340~800 nm波长向不同充气介质氦气、氘气和氢氘混合气体等离子体卸载后的光反射率为约0.4,为静态下铝基板反射率(约0.8)的一半。并对动态加载下反射率降低的机理进行了探讨。     

VISAR条纹常数的检测方法

 提出了4种可检测VISAR条纹常数的方法。在这4种方法中,DISAR和VISAR的混合测试系统对VISAR条纹常数的测定精度高,适用范围广,是一种普适方法。在不具备DISAR仪器以及DISAR、VISAR混合测试技术的条件下,也可以通过VISAR延迟时间的测定、加窗熔石英对称碰撞产生的相对标准速度源以及标检过的VISAR仪器对VISAR条纹常数进行检测。