中子辐照金属材料的脆化模型研究

金属材料的辐照脆化问题一直以来都是核能安全领域亟待解决的关键问题之一.为了更准确地预测金属材料的辐照脆化行为,基于Johnson-Cook本构模型,将未辐照金属材料的断裂真应力取作辐照材料的断裂真应力,建立了通过辐照退火态金属材料屈服强度就能够预测其整个真应力$\!$-$\!$-$\!$应变曲线,以及断裂真应变的辐照脆化模型.实验研究了不同中子剂量辐照退火态高纯铝的准静态拉伸真应力$\!$-$\!$-$\!$应变曲线、断裂真应力和断裂真应变随辐照剂量的变化规律.结果表明,辐照剂量越高,高纯铝的屈服强度越高,断裂真应变越低,但断裂真应力几乎不变.通过TEM显微分析获得了高纯铝内部辐照缺陷的尺寸和数密度随辐照剂量的变化规律,结果表明,辐照剂量越高,孔洞的尺寸和数密度越高,但位错环尺寸和数密度始终很小,难以准确统计.由辐照高纯铝实验数据拟合得到了辐照脆化模型所需参数,并检验了该模型的预测效果.结果表明,无论是通过实验还是显微分析得到辐照高纯铝的屈服强度,模型的预测结果均能够与实验结果较好地吻合,且模型对退火态高纯铝临界中子剂量的预测值也与文献结果一致.      

高温高密度氢(氘)的物态方程——离解效应研究

 高温高压下流体氢将发生离解化学反应,形成具有相互作用的氢分子和氢原子混合体系,此时粒子间的相互作用复杂。利用单组分流体近似的范德瓦尔斯混合模型,将混合物粒子间的相互作用等效为单组分粒子间相互作用,从而简化了对体系的统计热力学处理;并由自由能函数极小化确定化学平衡时各组分含量、体系的内能、压强。研究了温度在10 000 K以下、密度在0.6 g/cm³以下（相应摩尔体积大于3.3 cm³/mol）区间的热致离解和压致离解现象对流体氢（氘）状态方程的影响。所得结果与双组分流体变分理论计算以及第一原理的分子动力学模拟、蒙特卡罗模拟结果以及二级轻气炮实验数据进行了比较,它们之间的一致性表明：用单组分流体近似的范德瓦尔斯混合模型处理氢（氘）分子的离解区域的物态方程是成功的。     

预应变对中子辐照高纯铝拉伸性能的影响

金属材料的中子辐照硬化和脆化一直都是核能安全领域十分关注的重要问题之一.为了进一步认识预应变对中子辐照金属材料塑性形变和最终断裂特性的影响规律,及其微观机理,本文研究了10%拉伸预应变高纯铝的拉伸应力-应变曲线、失稳应力和失稳应变等随辐照剂量的变化规律.结果表明,辐照剂量越高,预应变高纯铝内部孔洞的尺寸和数密度越高,导致屈服强度和极限拉伸强度越高,均匀延伸率和失稳应变越小,表现出典型的辐照硬化和脆化效应,但失稳应力与辐照剂量几乎无关.相同辐照剂量条件下,预应变引入的高密度位错能够显著降低辐照孔洞的尺寸和数密度,加之辐照退火效应的综合影响,导致预应变能够降低高纯铝屈服强度的增长率和失稳应变的下降率,从而表现出一定的抑制辐照硬化和脆化的能力,预应变还能够提高高纯铝的失稳应力,但整体而言预应变并不能提高高纯铝的延性.最后,基于J-C本构模型的中子辐照退火态金属材料的脆化模型能够直接应用于预应变金属材料,且模型预测结果与实验结果吻合较好.     

MoⅩⅣ-PdⅩⅧ离子n=4 Complex谱线和振子强

用HXR方法计算了MoⅩⅣ-PdⅩⅧ离子n=4Complex(4l,l=s,p,d,f)组态能级.通过分析该等电子序列离子能级的实验值与理论值之差ΔE随Zc变化规律,提出了一种新的拟合公式.用该公式和所设计的FORTRAN程序对上述组态各能级的HXR理论计算值进行了系统的拟合计算.获得了上述组态跃迁谱线波长和相应的振子强度.     

Analytic Debye-Grüneisen equation of state for a generalized Lennard-Jones solids

The approximate method to treat the practical quantum anharmonic solids proposed by Hardy,Lacks and Shukla is reformulated with explicit physical meanings.It is shown that the quantum effect is important at low temperature,it can be treated in the harmonic framework.and the anharmonic effect is important at high temperature and tends to zero at low temperature,it can be treated by using a classical approximation.The alternative formulation is easier for various applications,and is applied to a Debye-Grueneisen solid with the generalized Lennard-Jones intermolecular interaction.The expressions for the Debys temperature and Grueneisen parameter as a function of volume are analytically derived.The analytic equation of state is applied to predict the thermodynamic properties of solid xenon at normal-pressure with the nearest-neighbour Lennard-Jones interaction,and is further applied to research the properties of solid xenon and krypton at high pressure by using an all-neighbour Lennard-Jones interaction.The theoretical results are in agreement with the experiments.     

γ-and α-Ce phase diagram: First-principle calculation

Controversies about the phase diagram for the isostructural γ ? α phase transition of cerium have long been standing out for several decades. To seek insight into the problems, high-precision equations of state(EOS) for γ-and α-cerium are constructed based on first-principle calculation. Versus previous works, the strong anharmonic effects of ion vibration and the variation of magnetism of γ-cerium are stressed. The new EOS generally agrees well with experimental data regarding thermodynamics, phase diagrams, and phase transitions. However, new EOS predicts that another part of phase boundary in pressure-temperature space may exist except for the commonly known boundary. In addition, the well-known critical point seems to be a critical point for γ-cerium to translate from a stable state to an unstable state.     

Theoretical study of a melting curve for tin

The melting curve of Sn has been calculated using the dislocation-mediated melting model with the `zone-linking method'. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data. According to our calculation, the melting temperature of γ -Sn at zero pressure is about 436~K obtained by the extrapolation of the method from the triple point of Sn. The results show that this calculation method is better than other theoretical methods for predicting the melting curve of polymorphic material Sn.     

绝热剪切研究进展

从实验技术、分析手段和数值模拟技术等三方面对近年来绝热剪切研究相关的工作成果进行了总结和评述,指出了现有工作的不足,即:尚不明了绝热剪切带内微观组织演化规律及尚未建立相应的力学模型;绝热剪切带的静水压相关性仍有待进一步探索;描述绝热剪切的自组织行为的模型需进一步完善;绝热剪切数值模拟精度有待提高等。最后,结合国内外最新的研究动态对绝热剪切研究的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。