西红花药材的化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱色谱、硅胶制备薄层、凝胶柱色谱以及半制备高效液相色谱等技术对西红花药材中的化合物进行分离纯化,得到8个化合物。采用一维、二维核磁共振谱、高分辨质谱和红外光谱等技术对化合物进行鉴定。确定得到的8个化合物分别为3,5,5-三甲基-4-羟甲基-2,3-环氧-1-环己酮(1)、(2E,4E)-2-methyl-6-oxo-hepta-2,4-dienoic acid(2)、2,4,4-trimethyl-3-formyl-6-hydroxy-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one(3)、crocusatin B(4)、(S)-4-羟基异佛尔酮(5)、crocusatin C(6)、crocusatin A(7)和豆甾醇(8)。其中,化合物1为新发现天然产物,化合物2为首次从鸢尾科植物中分离得到,化合物8为首次从西红花药材中分离得到。     

Moisture-sensitive torsional cotton artificial muscle and textile

Developing moisture-sensitive artificial muscles from industrialized natural fibers with large abundance is highly desired for smart textiles that can respond to humidity or temperature change.However,currently most of fiber artificial muscles are based on non-common industrial textile materials or of a small portion of global textile fiber market.In this paper,we developed moisture-sensitive torsional artificial muscles and textiles based on cotton yarns.It was prepared by twisting the cotton yarn followed by folding in the middle point to form a self-balanced structure.The cotton yarn muscle showed a torsional stroke of 42.55°/mm and a rotational speed of 720 rpm upon exposure to water moisture.Good reversibility and retention of stroke during cyclic exposure and removal of water moisture were obtained.A moisturesensitive smart window that can close when it rains was demonstrated based on the torsional cotton yarn muscles.This twist-based technique combining natural textile fibers provides a new insight for construction of smart textile materials.     

过渡金属二硫化物/三卤化铬范德瓦耳斯异质结的反折叠能带

过渡金属二硫化物MX₂/三卤化铬CrX₃组成的范德瓦耳斯异质结能有效操控MX₂的谷极化,在能谷电子学中有广泛的应用前景.本文结合第一性原理和k投影能带反折叠方法比较研究了MoSe₂/CrI₃, MoSe₂/CrBr₃和WS₂/CrBr₃三种磁性范德瓦耳斯异质结的堆垛和电子结构,探索了体系谷极化产生的物理机理.计算了异质结不同堆垛的势能面,确定了稳定的堆垛构型,阐明了时间/空间反演对称破缺对体系电子结构的影响.由于轨道杂化,磁性异质结的导带情况复杂,且MoSe₂/CrI₃体系价带顶发生明显变化,不能与单层MX₂直接对比.而借助于反折叠能带,计算清晰揭示了CrX₃对MX₂电子结构的影响,定量地获得了MX₂的能谷劈裂,并发现层间距和应变可以有效调控能谷劈裂.当层间距减...     

A two-stage spectrum sensing scheme based on energy detection and a novel multitaper method

Wideband spectrum sensing has drawn much attention in recent years since it provides more opportunities to the secondary users. However, wideband spectrum sensing requires a long time and a complex mechanism at the sensing terminal.A two-stage wideband spectrum sensing scheme is considered to proceed spectrum sensing with low time consumption and high performance to tackle this predicament. In this scheme, a novel multitaper spectrum sensing(MSS) method is proposed to mitigate the poor performance of energy detection(ED) in the low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) region. The closed-form expression of the decision threshold is derived based on the Neyman–Pearson criterion and the probability of detection in the Rayleigh fading channel is analyzed. An optimization problem is formulated to maximize the probability of detection of the proposed two-stage scheme and the average sensing time of the two-stage scheme is analyzed. Numerical results validate the efficiency of MSS and show that the two-stage spectrum sensing scheme enjoys higher performance in the low SNR region and lower time cost in the high SNR region than the single-stage scheme.     

功能梯度材料结构的热应力边界元分析

导出了一种新的可对功能梯度材料结构进行二维和三维热应力分析的积分方程, 利用该方程并结合多区域边界元三步求解技术, 可对由任意多种介质组成的变物性参数复合结构进行热应力分析; 采用与弹性模量无关的Kelvin解作为问题的基本解, 导出的积分方程含有由材料的非均质性以及温度变化引起的域积分; 使用径向积分法将所有的域积分转换成等价的边界积分, 从而建立起只需要边界离散的无内部网格边界元算法; 最后对两种典型的飞行器防热结构进行二维和三维热应力算例分析, 并通过与有限元计算结构对比验证结果的正确性.      

气相色谱-负化学电离源-飞行时间质谱测定烟草中有机氯农药残留

采用QuEChERS前处理方法,建立了气相色谱-负化学电离源-飞行时间质谱(GC-NCI-TOF-MS)检测烟草中10种有机氯农药残留的分析方法。样品采用乙酸乙酯-正己烷(1 : 1, v/v)溶液提取,提取液经N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)、无水硫酸镁分散固相萃取净化,用GC-NCI-TOF-MS检测分析。根据有机氯化合物特征离子的精确质量数、同位素离子峰簇、碎片离子丰度比和保留时间对目标物定性鉴定,外标法定量。10种有机氯农药的线性关系良好,相关系数 (r²)均大于0.997;相对标准偏差小于6.5%;检出限为0.04~0.80 μ g/kg;加标回收率为77.2%~93.0%。该方法简单快速、灵敏度高、准确性好,适用于烟草中有机氯农药残留的定性分析和定量检测。     

霾光谱特性分析与卫星遥感识别算法

近年来,我国频繁发生的灰霾污染事件和常态性的高细颗粒物浓度(PM_2.5),已经引起了全世界范围的广泛关注。卫星遥感能够对大气污染进行快速准确地监测。然而在大气遥感领域具有代表性的中分辨率成像光谱仪(NASA/MODIS),其云监测和暗像元反演算法通常把灰霾当做薄云、雾或地表亮目标处理,无法反演霾天的气溶胶光学厚度(aerosol optical depth, AOD)。笔者研究了云、雾、霾、地表覆盖等不同像元在可见光、近红外以及红外通道的光谱特性。基于MODIS数据,参考相关的云监测和气溶胶反演算法,选取多个对灰霾敏感的光谱通道,计算表观反射率和亮度温度。针对不同波段,分别探讨了霾与薄云、低层云、雾、浓密植被和地表亮目标等像元之间的光谱差异,统计灰霾分布的阈值区间,并设计基于MODIS卫星遥感数据的灰霾识别自动处理流程。通过对2008年华北平原春夏两个重霾事件进行测试,该算法的霾分布监测结果与卫星真彩图具有较好的一致性。基于北京和香河AERONET站点观测的高AOD数据,验证了本算法的霾识别率接近80%,在一定程度能够弥补MODIS标准气溶胶算法用于灰霾天的不足。最后,分析了灰霾识别过程中的主要误差来源,并提出了基于霾纹理特征,以及其他辅助数据支撑的改进方法。     

RHIC和LHC能区两粒子关联函数研究

应用多源热模型研究了相对论性重离子对撞机（RHIC）上PHENIX合作组测得的每核子对质心能量√sNN=200 GeV的氘-金（d+Au）碰撞中快度长程方位角关联,和大型强子对撞机（LHC）上CMS合作组测得的质心能量√s=0.9,2.36,7 TeV的质子质子（p+p）碰撞中高多重数短程赝快度关联,在误差范围内模型结果很好地重现了实验数据。用4个参数分析了长程方位角关联,结果表明,参数可以清楚地显示出脊结构的变化趋势,说明脊结构与集体效应、流体力学流效应、粒子对的横动量及信号等有关。用3个参数分析了小系统高多重数短程赝快度关联,结果表明,参数σ和c₃与能量相关,能量越大,两粒子越靠近,关联越强。The multi-source thermal model is used in this paper to analyze the long-range azimuth correlation in deutron-gold (d+Au) collisions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair √sNN=200 GeV measured by the PHENIX Collaboration at the relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC), and the short-range pseudorapidity correlation in high multiplicity event in proton-proton (p+p) collisions at center-of-mass energy √s=0.9, 2.36, 7 TeV measured by the CMS Collaboration at the large hadron collider (LHC). The modeling results are in approximately agreement with the experimental data in error ranges. Four parameters are used in the analysis of long-range azimuth correlation, which show that the parameters describe the change trend of ridge structure. The ridge structure is related to the collective effect, hydrodynamic flow effect, transverse momentum and signal of particle pair, and so forth. Three parameters are used in the analysis of the short-range pseudorapidity correlation in high multiplicity event in small system, which show that the parameters σ and c3 are related to collision energy. Large collision energy results in strong correlation due to close distance between particles.     

Optimization of loss and gain multilayers for reducing the scattering of a perfect conducting cylinder

Reduction of electromagnetic scattering from a conducting cylinder could be achieved by covering it with optimized multilayers of normal dielectric and plasmonic material. The plasmonic material with intrinsic losses could degrade the cloaking effect. Using a genetic algorithm, we present the optimized design of loss and gain multilayers for reduction of the scattering from a perfect conducting cylinder. This multilayered structure is theoretically and numerically analyzed when the plasmonic material with low loss and high loss respectively is considered. We demonstrate by full-wave simulation that the optimized nonmagnetic gain-loss design can greatly compensate the decreased cloaking effect caused by loss material,which facilitates the realization of practical electromagnetic cloaking, especially in the optical range.