Radiography of a K_α X-ray source generated through ultrahigh picosecond laser–nanostructure target interaction

Laser-driven ultrafast X-ray sources are widely used for diagnostic radiography. However, there is a large divergence of fast electrons when they are generated by an intense short-pulse laser interacting with a foil target.We design a nanowire array target to achieve a more compact point X-ray source. Fast electrons are confined and guided by the nanowire array structure in order to generate a Kαsource with a small spot size. In our work, the smallest measured source size is comparable to the laser spot size, while the conversion efficiency can reach2.4 × 10-4.     

相对论性Schrdinger方程的Green函数

使用量子场论中的Schrodinger波函数描述2-费密子系统。导出了时间相关Green函数及其谱表示。得到了Schrodinger方程与波函数的归一化条件,它表明当位势的能量相关性可忽略时,这种波函数就是几率振幅。给出了另外几种形式的等时方程的Green函数,这几种方程仍然有归一化的问题,它们的位势是非厄密的。     

48Ca无中微子双β衰变的寿命下限

本文报道国内首次开展的双β衰变实验研究工作.国产大尺寸CaF₂闪烁晶体既用来做为探测器,又做为双β衰变的放射源.数据采集总共7588.5小时.实验给出⁴⁸Ca无中微子双β衰变的寿命下限T_1/2>1.1×10²²年(68%C.L.);由理论推算相应的中微子质量v≤8eV;右手流混合参量η的限值η≤0.69×10^－5.     

高温消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铜精矿中铅、砷、汞、镉、铬的含量

<正>中国自产铜精矿不能满足冶炼的需求,每年需要进口大量铜精矿^[1]。为保护环境和保障人民健康安全,我国对进口铜精矿中有害元素铅、砷、汞、镉、铬的含量进行了严格限定^[2]。如何快速、高效测定铜精矿中的有害元素含量已引起越来越多学者的关注^[3-7]。目前,测定铜精矿中铅、砷、汞、镉、铬含量的方法包括冷原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)等^[8-11]。其中,ICP-MS因具有检出限低、线性范围宽、可以同时测定多种元素等特点而被广泛应用于食品^[12]、矿产品^[13]、环境监测^[14]等领域。铜精矿样品的常用溶解方法有微波消解、电热板加热消解、石墨消解、高温消解等。本工作采用高温环绕式加热消解铜精矿,以ICP-MS同时测定铜精矿中铅、砷、汞、镉、铬的含量,并采用有证标准物质和加标回收的方法验证方法的准确度。     

An improved deconvolution method for X-ray coded imaging in inertial confinement fusion

In inertial confinement fusion （ICF）, X-ray coded imaging is considered as the most potential means to diagnose the compressed core. The traditional Richardson-Lucy （RL） method has a strong ability to deblur the image where the noise follows the Poisson distribution. However, it always suffers from over-fitting and noise amplification, especially when the signal-to-noise ratio of image is relatively low. In this paper, we propose an improved deconvolution method for X-ray coded imaging. We model the image data as a set of independent Gaussian distributions and derive the iterative solution with a maximum-likelihood scheme. The experimental results on X-ray coded imaging data demonstrate that this method is superior to the RL method in terms of anti-overfitting and noise suppression.     

线性扫描伏安法测定丹参酮ⅡA

应用线性扫描伏安法和循环伏安法研究丹参酮ⅡA在悬汞电极上的电化学行为。在pH 3.8的0.2mol·L~（-1）乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,丹参酮ⅡA在-0.228V（vs.Ag/AgCl）处产生一灵敏的还原峰,丹参酮ⅡA浓度在5.0×10~（-6）～2.0×10~（-5）mol·L~（-1）范围内,其线性扫描还原峰电流与...     

四(4-氯苯基)卟啉分光光度法测定微量铅(Ⅱ)

研究了四(4-氯苯基)卟啉与微量铅(Ⅱ)的显色反应,探讨了显色剂、硼砂-氢氧化钠,表面活性剂Tween-80等的用量以及反应时间对配合物的生成以及稳定性的影响.结果表明,在pH＝10的硼砂氢氧化钠缓冲溶液及Tween-80微乳液中,铅(Ⅱ)与四(4-氯苯基)卟啉形成1∶1的稳定配合物.配合物的最大吸收位于466 nm波长处,表观摩尔吸光系数ε＝2.5×105L·mol-1·cm-1,铅(Ⅱ)浓度在160 μg·L-1范围内符合比耳定律.方法用于环境水样中铅的测定,获得较好的结果.     

岩土力学虚拟实验仿真系统开发及其应用

数值试验是认识岩土材料细观与宏观力学行为的一种重要手段,是常规岩土力学实验的补充和延伸.本文以pfc颗粒流为平台,利用matlab和fish语言混合编程编写了岩土力学虚拟实验仿真系统,系统根据获取的岩土材料天然结构构造图像信息,可以生成含不同天然结构构造信息的岩土体试件.可以对不同规格试件实现伺服加卸载,可以监测任意点的应力应变信息,可以捕捉试件加卸载过程中的边界输入能量和摩擦能、动能及应变能的转换信息,捕捉试件的最终破坏形态和破坏过程中裂纹扩展信息及不同类型裂纹的数量演化信息.利用其可以研究岩土材料天然结构构造特征对其宏观、细观力学行为的影响.     

光敏催化氧化α-蒎烯合成桃金娘烯醛

以α-蒎烯为原料,以卤素灯为光源,在自制光化学反应器中进行反应.研究了α-蒎烯光敏催化氧化制备高附加值桃金娘烯醛的新工艺.考察了光敏催化氧化反应条件对反应转化率和选择性的影响规律.气相色谱分析结果表明:以吡啶-醋酸酐-铜盐为催化剂,在氧流速0.3L/min、原料浓度0.75mol/L、催化剂浓度0.253mol/L、反应温度45℃下反应6h,原料的转化率达97.34％,桃金娘烯醛的选择性可达48.10％.     

Dynamics of Front Driven by Convection Field in Bistable Media

The front dynamics driven by a convection field in a model of FitzHugh-Nagumo type is studied both analytieMly and numerically. Saddle-node bifurcation induced by the convection field is found by using a singular perturbation analysis of front solutions. Convection field accelerates the B1och front propagating opposite the direction of convection field, but inhibits the Bloch front propagating along the direction of convection field. In addition convection field drives Ising front to travel opposite the direction of convection field.