Quantum cascade laser-based spectrometer for high sensitive measurements of trace gases in air

A quantum cascade(QC)laser-based spectrometer is developed to measure trace gases in air.The proposed spectrometer is tested for N2O,and the results presented in this letter.This system takes advantage of recent technology in QC lasers by utilizing intra-pulse scan spectroscopy,which allows high sensitive measurement.Without calibration gases,the gas concentration can be calculated with scan integration and the corresponding values from the HITRAN04 database.By analyzing the Allan variance,a detection limit of 2 ppb is obtained.Continuous measurement of N2O sampled from ambient air shows the applicability of the proposed system for the field measurements of gases of environmental concern.     

基于红外掩日通量法(SOF)污染源排放气体浓度时空分布反演算法研究

介绍了在傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术基础上发展起来的一种监测污染源有害气体排放率的新方法——红外掩日通量(solar occultation flux,SOF)法.在理论上建立了太阳辐射两层传输模型,根据比尔定律阐述了计算污染物透过率的方法.详细介绍了如何从HITRAN,NIST和QAsoft三种红外数据库中提取气体标准吸收截面.介绍了基于Levenberg-Marquardt非线性最小二乘法反演污染气体柱浓度的算法和污染源气体排放率计算算法.介绍了整套装置的组成部分和太阳跟踪装置的结构.对合肥某一化肥厂的氨气排放进行了测量,从实验结果可以看出,测量的柱浓度分布准确地反应了污染物排放和扩散情况,证明了污染源排放气体浓度时空分布反演算法的正确性.     

基于室温脉冲工作量子级联激光器的脉间光谱技术研究

量子级联(QC)激光器是唯一能在室温产生中红外辐射的半导体激光器。它的宽调谐范围、高输出功率和单模工作的特性,使得它非常适用于高分辨率光谱分析。结合中红外光谱区是气体分子的基频强吸收特性,基于室温脉冲工作的量子级联激光器的吸收光谱检测技术以其灵敏度高、选择性强及响应快速等特点,成为痕量气体探测的有效方法。介绍了基于分布式量子级联激光器的脉间光谱技术,通过分析比较不同工作参数下的激光光谱信号,寻求最佳的激光器工作参数,并且在选定的工作参数下对目标气体的吸收谱线进行测量,得到了中心在2178.2cm-1附近的N2O的吸收谱线。     

Determination of aerosol extinction coefficient and mass extinction efficiency by DOAS with a flashlight source

With the method of differential optical absorption spectroscopy （DOAS）, average concentrations of aerosol particles along light path were measured with a flashlight source in Chiba area during the period of one month. The optical thickness at 550 nm is compared with the concentration of ground-measured suspended particulate matter （SPM）. Good correlations are found between the DOAS and SPM data, leading to the determination of the aerosol mass extinction efficiency （MEE） to be possible in the lower troposphere. The average MEE value is about 7.6m^2.g^-1 , and the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the particle size as determined from the wavelength dependence of the DOAS signal intensity.     

基于差分吸收光谱技术的大气痕量气体二维观测方法

基于差分吸收光谱技术, 对大气痕量气体二维观测方法进行研究. 对常规多轴差分吸收光谱系统进行改进, 使望远镜可指向不同方位角, 获取测量点各方位角上的痕量气体信息, 从而更直观地了解测量点四周污染气体分布及其演变情况. 主要对NO₂浓度分布进行了研究, 同时获取了不同方位角上的O₄斜柱浓度; 采用辐射传输模型模拟计算O₄斜柱浓度并与实测数据对比, 结果表明二者具有高度相关性, 验证了大气中O₄分布的稳定性; 基于实测O₄数据提取光路信息, 结合辐射传输模型对NO₂和O₄因廓线不同造成的散射路径差异进行修正, 将NO₂斜柱浓度进一步转化为体积混合比, 获得了不同方位角上NO₂ 浓度分布图. 将计算结果与长光程差分吸收光谱技术数据进行对比, 结果表明二者具有较好的一致性.     

车载多轴差分吸收光谱探测对流层NO2分布研究

对流层NO₂垂直柱浓度在水平分布上具有较大不均匀性, 研究对流层NO₂分布特征对于研究污染的形成具有重要作用. 本文在国内首次采用车载多轴差分吸收光谱技术探测对流层NO₂的水平分布, 着重研究了基于车载移动平台上的多轴差分吸收光谱技术反演对流层NO₂垂直柱浓度的方法. 采用低阶多项式拟合扣除夫琅禾费参考谱和平流层对对流层NO₂的贡献, 反演得到移动平台上对流层NO₂垂直柱浓度. 结合大气辐射传输模型, 通过设置不同气溶胶光学厚度及层高、NO₂层高、方位角等对反演误差进行分析, 得出对流层NO₂垂直柱浓度的总误差小于25%. 在合肥开展观测实验, 获取观测时间段内合肥市对流层NO₂垂直柱浓度的水平分布特征. 并将观测结果与OMI卫星过顶数据比对, 在洁净和车载观测点较多的像元内, 两者结果符合较好; 在污染区域, 两者结果有一定差别. 研究显示, 采用车载多轴差分吸收光谱技术能较好的探测区域对流层NO₂的分布特征, 这对模型验证、卫星校验及研究输送过程具有重要意义.     

基于希尔伯特-黄变换的激光云高仪后向散射信号去噪方法

基于希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)和Savitzky-Golay滤波,提出了一种结合HHT时频分析的半导体激光云高仪后向散射信号去噪方法.该方法在对云高仪后向散射信号的噪声特性及传统去噪方法的缺陷进行研究的基础上,选择截止分量阶一定的自适应时变时空滤波器组(TFB)结构并辅助Savitzky-Golay滤波抑制噪声,最后利...     

Ground-based remote sensing of atmospheric total column CO_2 and CH_4 by direct sunlight in Hefei

Fourier transform spectrometry has played an important role in the three-dimensional greenhouse gas monitoring as the focus of attention on global warming in the past few years. In this paper, a ground-based low-resolution remote sensing system measuring the total columns of CO2 and CH4 is developed, which tracks the sun automatically and records the spectra in real-time and has the advantages of portability and low cost. A spectral inversion algorithm based on nonlinear least squares spectral fitting procedure for determining the column concentrations of these species is described. Atmospheric transmittance spectra are computed line-by-line in the forward model and observed on-line by direct solar radiation. Also, the wavelength shifts are introduced and the influence of spectral resolution is discussed. Based on this system and algorithm, the vertical columns of O2, CO2, and CH4 are calculated from total atmospheric observation transmittance spectra in Hefei, and the results show that the column averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 are measured with accuracies of 3.7% and 5%, respectively. Finally, the H2O columns are compared with the results observed by solar radiometer at the same site and the calculated correlation coefficient is 0.92, which proves that this system is suitable for field campaigns and used to monitor the local greenhouse gas sources under the condition of higher accuracy, indirectly.