非平衡电桥的输出特性研究

研究了非平衡电桥的工作原理和输出特性,利用自组的实验装置进行了测量.     

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Two Diethyltin Complexes of N-Salicylidene-α-amino Acid

Two novel diethyltin（IV） complexes of N-salicylidenevaline （H2L1） and N-Sali- cylidenetryptophan （H2L^2）, Et2SrtL^1 1 and Et2SnL^2 2, were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ^1H NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. Complex 1 belongs to the trigonal system, space group R-3 with a = b = 19.2730（5）, c = 23.6890（13）A^°, V= 7620.4（5） A^°^3, Z = 6, Dc= 1.553 g/cm^3,μ= 1.518 mm^-1, F（000） = 3600, R = 0.0238 and wR = 0.0636. Complex 2 is of monoelinie system, space group P21/c with a = 13.7550（8）, b = 11.5425（7）, c = 12.7876（7）A^°, β= 93.585（1）°, V = 2026.3（2） A^°^3, Z = 4, Dc= 1.548 g/cm^3,μ = 1.286 mm^-1, F（000） = 976, R = 0.0298 and wR = 0.0722. Complex 1 is a cyclic trimer with a macrocyclic 12-membered ring structure formed by the bidentate bridging coordination of carboxylate group to tin atoms. The tin atom is six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry. In complex 2, the distorted trigonal bipyramidal Et2SnL2 units are linked into polymeric chains by the weak Sn…O interaction involving Sn and the earbonyl O of an adjacent ligand, and the chains are further connected by intermolecular N-H…O hydrogen bonds to form a two-dimensional supramolecular structure.     

海藻酸钠的疏水改性及释药性能研究

为了提高对疏水性药物的负载量和缓释作用,将海藻酸钠氧化后与十二胺反应使其进行疏水改性.对改性后聚合物结构进行了表征.研究了聚合物在水溶液及盐溶液中的粘度变化;将聚合物分散于NaCl/CaCl2的混合溶液中制备成凝胶微球,对药物布洛芬进行了包埋释放实验.结果表明,疏水改性后的海藻酸钠粘度增加,其凝胶微球对布洛芬负载量提高,具有较好的缓释作用.     

取代苯丙酮肟衍生物的合成、QSAR研究以及优化

本文介绍了用结合化学、生物实验以及计算机辅助分子设计方法优化对瓜类白粉病毒有抑制作用的先导化合物的研究。用3－取代氨基－1－芳基丙酮－1－肟以及卤代烃合成了44个取代苯丙酮肟衍生物。生物测试的结果表示这些化合物大部分对瓜类白粉病毒有抑制作用。基于这些生物测试,对这44个化合物做了QSAR研究。根据所得CoMFA (rcv2, S 以及 r2 分别为0.577, 0.258, 0.962) 和 CoMSIA (rcv2, S 以及 r2 分别为0.583, 0.343, 0.932) 模型,设计了3个新化合物,而且预测结果显示,它们无致癌和致突变毒性。测试结果显示预测活性与实验活性相对应,说明这两个模型具有较高的预测准确率。     

动物组织与水产品中头孢氨苄残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱检测

建立了牛肉、猪肉、肝脏、肾脏、脂肪、鱼肉、虾肉中头孢氨苄残留的LC-MS/MS检测方法.组织样品中的头孢氨苄用甲醇-0.2%偏磷酸 (体积比3 ∶ 7)溶液提取,采用Oasis HLB固相萃取小柱净化.分析样品以甲酸溶液(体积分数0.1%)-乙腈为流动相,经MG-Ⅱ C18色谱柱分离,在LC-MS/MS多反应监测模式下进行定性、定量分析,采用正离子扫描.头孢氨苄的定量下限为0.01 mg/kg,动物组织和水产品样品在0.01、0.05、0.1、0.2 mg/kg添加水平的回收率为75% ～106%,相对标准偏差(n=10)为5.3% ～12.1%.     

杭州城西河网清淤优化调度

引水进入城市河网可快速提升河道水质,但也会导致泥沙淤积等问题;城市河网不仅河道众多,还有水闸等水工建筑物,使得水沙输移问题变得更为复杂.为了使泥沙尽量少淤积于不易清淤的河道,需优化河网水闸的调度.首先建立了考虑水闸的河网一维泥沙输移数学模型,利用实测水沙数据验证其精度.通过模型计算不同引水流量工况下杭州城西河网泥沙的淤积量及淤积分布,得到泥沙淤积率最低以及最利于清淤时的河网水闸优化调度方案,可为城市河网泥沙减淤及清淤提供理论依据和参考.     

行波堆深燃耗的计算特点

行波堆属于新概念堆型,卸料燃耗深度可达400 GWd/tHM,是现有快堆的3~4倍、压水堆的6~8倍,较高的卸料燃耗深度对堆芯物理分析工具计算正确性提出挑战。基于此,以KYLIN-1程序为基础,从能谱、裂变产物核素重要性、燃耗计算误差累积等方面探究行波堆深燃耗计算特点。对典型行波堆六角形组件分析结果表明:低富集度铀组件寿期初、末能谱差别较大,采用单一权重谱制备的多群截面库用于其燃耗计算时,无限增殖系数偏差较大;为保证行波堆深燃耗计算的正确性,燃耗链应包含重要的70种裂变产物核素;行波堆深燃耗计算时,由于燃耗步增多累积的误差较小,无限增殖系数偏差每燃耗步约为0.001%。     

反气相色谱法与Hansen溶解度参数法测定聚乙烯醇溶解度参数及相关热力学性质

采用反气相色谱（IGC）法,以聚乙烯醇（PVA）为固定相,脂肪族、芳香族、醇、酮及卤代烃5类18种化合物为探针分子,研究PVA的溶解性质并获得了PVA在383.15～423.15 K范围内的溶解度参数（δ₂）及相关热力学性质,并与Hansen溶解度参数法（HSP）测得的溶解度参数（δ_T）进行比较。结果表明,5类溶剂对PVA溶解能力的趋势为酮类 >醇类 >卤代烃、芳香类、脂肪族类>脂环族,卤代烃、芳香类和脂肪族类溶剂的溶解能力相似;在测试温度范围内PVA的δ₂随温度升高而增加;采用IGC法外推出室温（298.15 K）下PVA的δ₂为27.69 （J/cm³）^0.5,与HSP法测得室温下PVA的δ_T（27.77 （J/cm³）^0.5）一致。PVA溶解度参数及相关热力学参数的研究为其应用及相关研究提供了定量依据。     

Test particle simulations of resonant interactions between energetic electrons and discrete,multi-frequency artificial whistler waves in the plasmasphere

Modulated high frequency(HF) heating of the ionosphere provides a feasible means of artificially generating extremely low frequency(ELF)/very low frequency(VLF) whistler waves, which can leak into the inner magnetosphere and contribute to resonant interactions with high energy electrons. Combining the ray tracing method and test particle simulations, we evaluate the effects of energetic electron resonant scattering driven by the discrete, multi-frequency artificially generated ELF/VLF waves. The simulation results indicate a stochastic behavior of electrons and a linear profile of pitch angle and kinetic energy variations averaged over all test electrons. These features are similar to those associated with single-frequency waves. The computed local diffusion coefficients show that, although the momentum diffusion of relativistic electrons due to artificial ELF/VLF whistlers with a nominal amplitude of ～ 1 pT is minor, the pitch angle scattering can be notably efficient at low pitch angles near the loss cone, which supports the feasibility of artificial triggering of multi-frequency ELF/VLF whistler waves for the removal of high energy electrons from the magnetosphere. We also investigate the dependences of diffusion coefficients on the frequency interval(△f) of the discrete, multi-frequency waves.We find that there is a threshold value of △f for which the net diffusion coefficient of multi-frequency whistlers is inversely proportional to △f(proportional to the frequency components Nw) when △f is below the threshold value but it remains unchanged with increasing △f when △f is larger than the threshold value. This is explained as being due to the fact that the resonant scattering effect of broadband waves is the sum of the effects of each frequency in the ‘effective frequency band’. Our results suggest that the modulation frequency of HF heating of the ionosphere can be appropriately selected with reasonable frequency intervals so that better performance of controlled precipitation of high energy electrons in the plasmasphere by artificial ELF/VLF whistler waves can be achieved.     

多体相互作用体系中的弛豫与扩散:一个尚未解决的问题

文章目的在于引起国内研究团体对一系列复杂相互作用体系中的弛豫和扩散的普适性进行关注.研究发现,无论是不同的化学结构(如无机物、有机物、聚合物、生物分子、胶体、金属和离子导电材料),还是不同的物理状态(如晶态、玻璃态、液体、熔体、混合体系和含水系统),以及不同的尺度(如从块体至纳米),这种普适性无处不在[K.L.Ngai.Relaxation and Diffusion in Complex Systems.NewYork:Springer,2011].该现象起源于多体系统的不可逆过程,取决于一些基本物理定律,与非简谐势引发的经典混沌有关.重新认识这种普适性不仅对众多不同领域的发展有利,而且能进一步弄清楚多体系统中的弛豫与扩散问题——一个重要而又未解决的物理问题.作者提出的耦合模型尽管不是一个严格而完整的答案,但却能够预测多体系统的弛豫和扩散特征,而且与实验结果吻合.基于该模型,绝大多数多体系统中的弛豫与扩散行为是相似的.该模型有望为这一难题的彻底解决奠定基石.