蓝宝石火花塞

在如何提高火花塞的工作质量方面有多种方法,但是其中最重要的一个问题还没有得到解决,那就是火花塞工作的热学模型问题。理想的火花塞应该能在点火的瞬间被立刻加热,并且在接下来的电脉冲过程中迅速冷却,由此在热量的存储与散发之间取得平衡,以避免自点火。本文力图展示一种具有自动调节源于点火区域热流能力的火花塞,其技术的关键是顶部绝缘体材料,它是由蓝宝石单晶制作,而非传统的氧化铝陶瓷。     

扩展的Jacobi椭圆函数展开法和Zakharov方程组的新的精确周期解

对Jacobi椭圆函数展开法进行了扩展，且利用这一方法求出了Zakharov方程组的一系列新的精确周期解，在极限情况下可得到相应的孤波解，补充了前面研究的结果. 关键词： Jacobi椭圆函数展开法 非线性发展方程 精确解 周期解     

Electronic Structures of Wurtzite GaN with Ga and N Vacancies

The electronic band structures of wurtzite GaN with Ga and N vacancy defects are investigated by means of the first-principles total energy calculations in the neutral charge state. Our results show that the band structures can be significantly modified by the Ga and N vacancies in the GaN samples. Generally, the width of the valence band is reduced and the band gap is enlarged. The defect-induced bands can be introduced in the band gap of GMV due to the Ga and N vacancies. Moreover, the GaN with high density of N vacancies becomes an indirect gap semiconductor. Three defect bands due to Ga vacancy defects are created within the band gap and near the top of the valence band. In contrast, the N vacancies introduce four defect bands within the band gap. One is in the vicinity of the top of the valence band, and the others are near the bottom of the conduction band. The physical origin of the defect bands and modification of the band structures due to the Ga and N vacancies are analysed in depth.     

Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism of Co-Doped CeO2 Thin Films on Si（111） substrates

Using Co2O3 as the Co source, doped cerium oxide thin films with the composition of Ce0.97C00.03O2-δ （CCO） are deposited on Si（111） and glass substrates by pulse laser deposition technique. X-ray diffraction reveals that CCO films with （111） preferential orientation are grown on Si, while the fihn on glass is polycrystalline with nanocrystal. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the （Jo displaces the （;e atom and exists in high spin state rather than low spin state, which contributes to the room-temperature ferromagnetism confirmed by vibration sample magnetometer. I~ilms on Si and glass are different in ferromagnetism, which is believed to be induced by different film microstructures. Based on these results, the possible ferromagnetism in this insulating film is discussed. Anyway, successful fabrication of CCO films with room-temperature ferromagnetism on Si substrates is of great importance in both technological and theoretical aspects.     

追忆彭桓武先生

 2007年2月28日这一天，彭先生永远离开了我们。回忆起两年前，彭老曾应“今日物理”之邀来到南开大学，为我们做了一次意义深远的演讲，此情此景我们至今难忘。谨以此文表达我们对彭老深切的追思。     

铈铝复合载体对钼基催化剂耐硫甲烷化催化性能的研究

采用共沉淀法、浸渍法和沉积沉淀法制备了CeO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体,比较了不同复合载体浸渍钴钼后的耐硫甲烷化催化性能,并优化了复合载体中CeO₂的含量。结合N₂物理吸附、XRD、H₂-TPR等表征手段对复合载体及其负载的钴钼催化剂进行物相和结构分析发现,在Al₂O₃中添加CeO₂可以明显提高合成气的耐硫甲烷化活性,其中,沉积沉淀法制备的25% CeO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体负载钴钼后具有最佳催化活性。     

CuNaY分子筛的制备及其催化甲醇氧化羰基化

采用多种铜盐溶液与NaY分子筛离子交换制备了CuNaY催化剂,通过加入氨水提高溶液pH值以及高温活化,显著提高了该催化剂对甲醇氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯的反应活性。不同的铜盐水溶液交换制备的CuNaY催化剂催化活性不同,添加氨水将溶液pH值调节为11后,离子交换制备的CuNaY催化剂的催化活性和DMC选择性明显升高且趋于一致。经元素分析、XRD、XPS和H₂-TPR表征可知,加入氨水可促进Cu²⁺离子交换的进行,提高CuNaY催化剂中Cu的交换量,催化剂中约75%的Cu²⁺定位于分子筛的超笼中。