原料杂质对堇青石窑具晶相结构与性能的影响

对重青石窑具原料中的CaO，TiO2，Fe2O3以及R2O（Na2O＋K2O）对窑具多晶结构与性能的影响进行研究，从而确定原料中的Cao，TiO2，Fe2O3和R2O允许的存在量为CaO（2．2～2．7）％，TiO2（1．0～1．5）％，Fe2O3（0．8）％和R2O≤0．9％。     

铁合金厂回收的硅微粉在不同温度下晶相结构的研究

铁合金厂冶炼过程产生的大量硅微粉烟尘, 可以作为耐火材料和窑具材料的结合剂, 活性剂和矿化剂, 可促进耐火材料固相反应和烧结, 有利于晶型的转变, 提高耐火材料的高温性能。硅微粉在高于或等于1100 ℃不析晶。1200和1300 ℃析晶规律是:首先α-石英转变为α-方石英, 然后转变为α-鳞石英。在1400～1450 ℃首先析出卡片号为290085的石英变体, 然后转变为α-方石英。 而常规转化过程是α-方石英很难形成α-鳞石英, 而且不形成290085的变体, 因此其转化规律与常规不同。在液相存在情况下, 少量α-方石英转变为α-鳞石英, 不同温度下析晶结构探讨为实际生产提供适宜的升温曲线。     

Influence of Impurity Na2O on Crystalline Structure of Cordierite Synthesized from Aluminum Sludge

Waste aluminum sludge, talc powder and clay were used to synthesize cordierite in this research. The impurities, such as Fe2O3, CaO, K2O and Na2O, in the raw materials have some influence on the structures and properties of the materials. In this paper, we mainly discuss the impact of impurity Na2O on the structure of cordierite, based on which the permitted amount of Na2O was determined. The results show that Na2O with the amount less than 0.6% has little influence on the cordierite formation; while when its amount increasing from 0.6% to 0.7%, the content of cordierite decreases from 86% to 84% and the permitted amount for Na2O in the raw materials is less than 6% with the best amount less than 0.3%. X‘pert plus software analysis results show the impurity Na2O has no influence on the cordierite space group and only the lattice parameters vary slightly; but it has much influence on the structure of Mg-AI spinel and the lattice parameters are much changed.     

S-型分级多孔CdS/UiO-66光催化剂的构建实现4-硝基苯胺的高效还原

金属有机框架(MOFs)材料因其高孔隙率特性在气体吸附分离、药物传递、催化等领域具有广泛应用.近年来,将功能化纳米颗粒(NPs)封装在MOFs中的研究在催化领域引起了科学家的兴趣.其中,较大比表面积的MOFs可以为NPs的分散和固定提供理想的平台,而NPs反过来可以为催化反应引入更多的活性位点,提高催化效率.然而,MOFs本身的孔隙常局限于微孔(<2 nm),这极大地限制了NPs在MOFs孔隙中的有效封装.因此,设计并制备含有介孔(2?50 nm)或大孔(>50 nm)的多级孔MOFs,揭示其孔径大小对复杂NPs/MOFs复合催化剂催化性能的影响具有重要意义.然而,具有不同孔径MOFs的可控制备具有巨大挑战性,MOFs孔径如何影响和调控NPs/MOFs复合材料催化活性是一个悬而未决的科学问题.本文结合金属离子刻蚀法和调控配体法设计了两种具有不同孔径(大孔和介孔)的UiO-66,并系统研究了孔径大小对CdS NPs的分布以及所形成的复合催化剂CdS/UiO-66的催化性能的影响及机制.我们首先阐明了UiO-66调控孔径后影响和修饰CdS NPs的空间分布:对于具有开放大孔结构的UiO-66纳米笼,CdS NPs倾向于自发沉积在UiO-66纳米笼内壁上.相比之下,CdS NPs则主要附着于介孔UiO-66的外表面.据此,具有大孔和介孔结构的CdS/UiO-66表现出不同的光催化性能.以光还原4-硝基苯胺反应为例,大孔CdS/UiO-66的反应速率常数是介孔和实心样品的3?13倍,且优于许多文献报道的CdS复合材料催化剂,表明大孔结构在制备高效复合催化材料上的潜在优势.通过光吸收能力、能级结构等计算表征,该催化剂的电子空穴对传输遵循S-型异质结光催化机制;大孔CdS/UiO-66具有较高光催化活性可归因于纳米笼对NPs的限域效应,即CdS被限制在UiO-66纳米笼内,缩短了催化剂与底物之间的电子传输距离;空心纳米笼结构则保护其内部的CdS NPs免受光腐蚀的影响,进而获得较高的催化效率和循环稳定性.可见,本文提出了一种结合离子刻蚀法和调控配体法获得具有不同孔径MOFs的有效策略,阐明了调控MOFs的孔径尺寸可以影响NPs的空间分布,是制约其性能的关键因素,有望为高效催化剂的设计及催化机制的研究提供新的依据.     

微球形CdIn2S4/ZnO复合材料的多模式光降解与光解水制氢

本文通过水热辅助水浴法制备了CdIn₂S₄/ZnO复合材料,并采用XRD、XPS、UV-Vis/DRS、SEM、N₂吸附-脱附等测试技术对复合材料的晶形结构和表面物理化学性质进行了表征。结果表明,相比于单体ZnO,微球形复合材料CdIn₂S₄/ZnO晶型结构更加优异,孔径分布更加均匀,比表面积明显增大,其光吸收范围拓展至可见光区。多模式光催化降解染料亚甲基蓝的实验结果显示,微球形复合材料CdIn₂S₄/ZnO的光催化活性优于单体ZnO和CdIn₂S₄,其中CdIn₂S₄与ZnO的比例为1：5时活性最好,其对不同有机污染物均具有光降解能力;另外,光解水制氢实验结果显示,在8 h内产氢量达到310.2 μmol/g,表明该复合材料具有优异的光解水制氢性能。     

Study on the In-situ Synthesis of Aluminum Titanate Sintered by Waste Aluminum Slag

Aluminum titanate was in-situ synthesized by using industrial waste-residue in the aluminum factory and TiO2 as the main raw materials and the influence of different reaction temperatures on the purity and microstructures of synthesized products were mainly discussed. The obtained Al2TiO5 was characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and relevant analytical software. The results show that elevating the sintering temperature can increase the content of aluminum titanate; and at 1420 ℃, it reaches the highest in the synthesized ceramic. When the sintering temperature continues to increase, the produced aluminum titanate will decompose resulting in the drop of its content. Therefore, the optimum sintering temperature of in-situ synthesis of aluminum titanate is determined as 1420 ℃, at which the grains of aluminum titanate grow completely, the purity of aluminum titanate is 89.3wt%., the highest density is 2.75 g/cm^3, and the porosity is 9%.     

岩石化学成分及复介电常数与光谱特征的关系探究

实验对辽宁省兴城地区的97块岩石样本测量了350～2 500 nm间光谱反射率,岩石化学成分及部分样本的复介电常数值,并用包络线去除法计算了光谱吸收深度。研究基于岩石化学成分光谱特征理论、介电常数相关理论,利用相关性分析的方法求得岩石各化学成分与光谱吸收深度间的相关系数曲线、岩石复介电常数与光谱反射率间的相关系数曲线。通过归纳总结曲线形态特征,获得以下信息：(1)岩石中SiO₂,Al₂O₃,CaO,K₂O,MgO,灼失含量与光谱吸收深度在波段(1 900～2 500 nm)间相关性明显,在1 900,2 200和2 300 nm等化学元素识别特征波段处,出现局部极大/极小值;火成岩中Fe₂O₃含量与光谱吸收深度在铁元素的特征波段(400～550 nm)有着良好的相关性,相关系数达-0.406。探讨岩石光谱吸收特征与其化学成分含量间的关系在通过遥感影像进行成矿预测、识别岩性等方面都有着积极的作用。(2)岩石复介电常数总体与岩石反射率呈负相关,实部相关性优于虚部,实部相关系数在1 900 nm附近达到极小值-0.753。观查曲线可知,介电常数实部与光谱反射率相关系数在1 900和2 200 nm附近都有着良好的相关性,因此实验运用不同的模型拟合了在该处的响应关系函数曲线。介电常数是介质的基本物理性质之一,现有研究中多在微波波段中分析电磁波特征与介电常数间的关系,该研究在可见光和近红外波段范围内探究了二者间的关系,为进一步探讨岩石介电特性和光谱特征奠定了基础。     

S-型分级多孔CdS/UiO-66光催化剂的构建实现4-硝基苯胺的高效还原（英文）

金属有机框架(MOFs)材料因其高孔隙率特性在气体吸附分离、药物传递、催化等领域具有广泛应用.近年来,将功能化纳米颗粒(NPs)封装在MOFs中的研究在催化领域引起了科学家的兴趣.其中,较大比表面积的MOFs可以为NPs的分散和固定提供理想的平台,而NPs反过来可以为催化反应引入更多的活性位点,提高催化效率.然而, MOFs本身的孔隙常局限于微孔(<2 nm),这极大地限制了NPs在MOFs孔隙中的有效封装.因此,设计并制备含有介孔(2-50 nm)或大孔(>50nm)的多级孔MOFs,揭示其孔径大小对复杂NPs/MOFs复合催化剂催化性能的影响具有重要意义.然而,具有不同孔径MOFs的可控制备具有巨大挑战性, MOFs孔径如何影响和调控NPs/MOFs复合材料催化活性是一个悬而未决的科学问题.本文结合金属离子刻蚀法和调控配体法设计了两种具有不同孔径(大孔和介孔)的UiO-66,并系统研究了孔径大小对Cd SNPs的分布以及所形成的复合催化剂CdS/UiO-66的催化性能的影响及机制.我们首先阐明了UiO-66调控孔径后影响和修饰Cd SNPs的空间分布:对于具有开放大孔结...     

Study on the Structures and Properties of Copper Removal Adsorbent Prepared from Sinter-free Pulverized Oyster Shell Materials

A hollow tubular copper removal adsorbent was prepared with oyster shell and cement as the main raw materials. The effects of different formulas, different initial copper concentrations and different pH values of samples on the copper removal efficiency were investigated to determine the optimal conditions for copper removal. The content of copper in the wastewater is determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The microstructure and elemental composition of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and EDS. As a result, the formula with the content of cement to be 8 wt% and the oyster shell powder of 92 wt% is optimal. Under the condition of 30 ℃, when the pH value was 9.0, the Cu2+ adsorption capacity of the sample could reach 0.59 mg/g at 48 h. SEM analysis revealed that there are abundant pores in the sample, which is beneficial for Cu2+ absorption on the adsorbent.     

Sol-gel Processing of a Transparent Upconversion Luminescent Film with β-Na YF_4:Yb~(3+), Er~(3+) Microrods as Activator

β-Na YF4:Yb3+,Er3+ microrods were synthesized through hydrothermal methods. Polyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 6000 was used as surfactant. A series of transparent silica gel films with upconversion luminescence property was prepared through sol-gel method; the prepared β-Na YF4:Yb3+,Er3+ microrods were used as activator. The silica gel films show strong upconversion emission under excitation of 980-nm laser beam.