Dynamics of Incoherent Photovoltaic Spatial Solitons

Propagation properties of bright and dark incoherent beams are numerically studied in photovoltaic-photorefractive crystal by using coherent density approach for the first time. Numerical simulations not only exhibit that bright incoherent photovoltaic quasi-soliton, grey-like incoherent photovoltaic soliton, incoherent soliton doublet and triplet can be established under proper conditions, but also display that the spatial coherence properties of these incoherent beams can be significantly affected during propagation by the photovoltaic field.     

微纳间隙受限液体的界面黏着机理研究

利用球-盘接触黏着试验仪对微量受限液体的界面黏着行为的研究发现：临界体积范围内（皮升到纳升）的受限液滴达到临界厚度后将出现自动铺展和瞬时收缩行为（分别对应球-盘趋进和分离过程）,并同时提供一定幅值的法向黏着力及伴随出现力的突变;该界面黏着力与液滴体积、球的直径等相关,并很好地揭示了昆虫或树蛙爪垫与光滑表面间的湿黏着行为.在进一步试验的基础上,利用球—面接触模型的毛细黏着力公式对所观察到的试验现象进行了机理揭示,认为临界体积受限液滴出现的自动铺展和瞬时收缩行为与接触副的刚度相关,最大法向黏着力随液体体积的减小而减小,与接触副之间受限液体的中心区厚度有关.结合生物黏着爪垫进行了受限液体界面黏着控制机理的分析,可以指导仿生黏着爪垫的设计与控制. 关键词： 生物黏着爪垫 毛细黏着力 受限液体     

铝纤维炸药土中扩腔现场实验与数值模拟

为检验铝纤维炸药的做功能力,对铝纤维炸药土中爆炸扩腔现象进行实验,并采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件进行数值模拟,得出铝纤维炸药爆腔半径随药量变化的关系。结果表明,现场实验与数值模拟均能较好地表征铝纤维炸药土中爆炸扩腔的规律,铝纤维炸药相对于工业乳化炸药做功能力强,且由于其成型效果好等特点,应用于一些复杂的环境能够取得理想效果,可为类似工程提供参考。     

紫外高分辨率像散校正型罗兰全息光栅设计

为了降低紫外高分辨率罗兰光栅的像散对光谱像高展宽的影响,提出了在罗兰圆上使用球面波非对称曝光设计思路。推导完全校正离焦和子午彗差的表达式,讨论了多种罗兰光栅记录结构的局限性,优选适合校正紫外高分辨率罗兰光栅的优化方法。通过全息光栅像面展宽表达式, 指出像散和弧矢彗差是影响光谱像高的主要因素,并分配了两者的优化权重。利用这种优化思路,设计了工作波段110～200 nm紫外高分辨率罗兰光栅,同时对比分析了传统光栅的像差系数和像高变化规律、像面结构和光谱分辨率。结果表明,和传统罗兰光栅分辨率处于同一数量级的情况下,所设计光栅光谱像高由25 mm降低到1.5 mm,谱面能量集中度有显著的提高。     

光电协同增强的场效应对LaAlO_3/SrTiO_3界面中持续光电导的调控

LaAlO_3/SrTiO_3异质结界面体系具有新奇的二维自由电子气现象、暂态光电导效应、持续光电导效应等丰富的光电性质,是近年来科学界研究的热点之一.本文研究了场效应对LaAlO_3/SrTiO_3界面光电导效应的调控,发现光电协同增强的场效应可以使得LaAlO_3/SrTiO_3界面产生显著的持续光电导效应,进一步研究发现:在光电协同效应的影响下,随着负的背栅门电压的增加,持续光电导的数值增大,在-70 V附近达到极值;随着负的背栅门电压处理时间的增加,持续光电导的数值单调增加.LaAlO_3/SrTiO_3异质结中这种场增强的持续光电导效应可为多参数可调的光电子记忆器件的研发提供参考依据.     

关于为拔尖人才培养开设的"学科前沿"类课程的探讨

With the implementation of the basic discipline of "Top Talent Training Program" (the "East Ever Project"), more and more new reforms and attempts are being made in various universities. In the process of innovation and exploration, a new curriculum is being implemented, that is, the "the frontier aspects of disciplines" course. Through investigation and research, we found that many colleges and universities in China are carrying out or trying to carry out such courses, and the students who participated have different benefits. This paper mainly discusses the current situation of the development of the frontier courses of many universities in China, and gives suggestions based on the two courses of Tang Aoqing Honors Program in Science of chemistry in Jilin University. This paper provides reference for other colleges and universities to open such courses.     

氢气/甲烷-空气爆轰波在含环形障碍物圆管内传播的试验研究

在内径48mm、长度5 800mm的含环形障碍物圆管内,进行了氢气-空气及氢气-甲烷-空气的爆轰波传播试验研究,确定了爆燃转爆轰(Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition,DDT)极限。环形障碍物阻塞比为0.56,间距分为两种,即S=D和S=2D,其中S为障碍物间距,D为管道内径。火焰的速度由安装在管道壁面上的光电二极管采集得到。试验测量得到的火焰为准爆轰或阻塞火焰。在S=2D情况下得到的火焰速度均比S=D情况下的火焰速度高,并且靠近DDT极限时速度波动更明显,表明在间距较大的情况下爆轰的重起爆循环周期更长,类似于"弛振爆轰"。对于氢气-空气,障碍物间距为D时在DDT极限处有d/λ1(富氧条件下d/λ=1.6,贫氧条件下d/λ=1.4),间距为2D时更容易形成爆轰的重起爆,在DDT极限处与准则d/λ≈1一致;对于氢气-甲烷-空气,甲烷的添加使爆轰更不稳定,对于两种间距的障碍物得到的DDT极限均有d/λ≈1(d和λ分别为障碍物内径和爆轰胞格尺寸)。说明障碍物间距对爆轰波传播有显著的影响,即间距的增大更有利于爆轰波的传播。为形成准爆轰,障碍物内径必须至少可以容纳一个爆轰胞格,同时障碍物间距足够大从而引起爆轰的重起爆。     

玻璃微球基乳化炸药及其在爆炸焊接中的应用

爆速是爆炸复合的主要参数之一。采用玻璃微球作为敏化剂和稀释剂,研究玻璃微球尺寸、含量对乳化炸药爆速的影响,然后调配爆速为2.230km/s的低爆速乳化炸药,利用铝蜂窝板配置蜂窝结构炸药,进行铝-钢复合板的爆炸焊接。试验结果表明:炸药密度随着玻璃微球含量的增加而减小;小尺寸玻璃微球含量(质量分数)小于2%或者大于35%时,乳化炸药发生拒爆现象;玻璃微球含量大于7%且小于35%时,炸药爆速随着玻璃微球含量的增大而减小。小尺寸(5~100μm)玻璃微球的敏化效果和调节爆速效果比大尺寸(70~200μm)玻璃微球好,铝蜂窝结构炸药用于铝-钢爆炸焊接可以获得良好的结合质量。     

基于环形自由面岩土高效爆破的研究与应用

针对岩石巷道掘进循环进尺慢,炮孔利用率低的问题,采用取岩芯技术在岩土中形成环形自由面,利用少量炸药即可达到高效爆破的效果。首先对取岩芯爆破模型进行数值模拟,对爆炸效果进行预估,并得到相关爆破参数;之后根据模拟结果进行爆破实验,制作两组水泥模型,分别模拟取岩芯爆破与传统爆破,在模型外部布置测振仪,测量爆炸过后模型的相关振动数据,并对两组模型的爆破效果与振动数据作出比较,得出取岩芯模型爆破效果及爆破振动要明显优于传统爆破模型。最后将该技术应用在某岩巷掘进现场进行爆破实验,取得成功。实验结果表明,利用取岩芯技术成形环形自由面进行爆破, 可以减少炮孔数, 降低炸药单耗,控制住爆破振动,提高爆破效率,达到高效爆破的目的,特别是该技术可应用于城市地下工程爆破。     

Construction of two-qubit logical gates by transmon qubits in a three-dimensional cavity

We report the implementation of qubit-qubit coupling in a three-dimensional(3 D) cavity, using the exchange of virtual photons, to realize logical operations. We measure single photon and multi-photon transitions in this qubit-qubit coupling system and obtain its energy avoided-crossing spectrum. With ac-Stark effect, fast control of the qubits is achieved to tune the effective coupling on and off and the state-swap gate (SWAP)~(1/2) is successfully constructed. Moreover, using two-photon transition between the ground state and doubly excited states, a kind of two-photon Rabi-like oscillation is observed. A quarter period of this oscillation corresponds to the logical gate (bSWAP)~(1/2), which is used for generating Bell states.(bSWAP)~(1/2) and (iSWAP)~(1/2) are the foundations of future preparation of two-qubit Bell states and realization of CNOT gate.