纳米颗粒在动脉粥样硬化治疗中的应用

动脉粥样硬化是心血管疾病发生的主要成因,严重威胁着人类健康.随着纳米技术在生物医疗领域的广泛应用,以纳米颗粒为基础的解决方案为动脉粥样硬化的治疗提供了新思路.我们阐述了动脉粥样硬化的病理生理学特点,系统归纳了 目前纳米颗粒在动脉粥样硬化中的设计策略,并详细介绍了基于这些策略所制备的传统纳米颗粒、仿生纳米颗粒在动脉粥样硬...     

聚2,5-呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯/纳米二氧化钛/硅藻土复合材料的制备和表征北大核心CSCD

以2,5-呋喃二甲酸二甲酯(DMFD)、乙二醇(EG)为原料,原位添加扩链剂均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)、纳米二氧化钛(TiO_(2))、硅藻土(DE),以钛酸四丁酯为催化剂,采用酯交换-熔融缩聚法制备聚2,5-呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEF)/TiO_(2)/DE复合材料。通过核磁共振波谱仪(NMR)、傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱仪(ATR-FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和热重分析仪(TGA)等技术手段对其结构、热学性能、力学性能、气体渗透性能及紫外屏蔽性能进行表征。结果表明,PEF/TiO_(2)/DE复合材料被成功制备,且TiO_(2)及DE均为物理掺杂。DE粒子在PEF/TiO_(2)/DE复合材料内部分散良好。所有聚酯粉末为无定形聚集态结构。与PEF相比,PEF/TiO_(2)/DE复合材料的5%质量损失温度(Td,5%)、分解速率最快温度(Tdmax)分别提升12.1℃和8.4℃。PEF/TiO_(2)/DE复合材料的拉伸模量及抗冲击强度最高分别达到2657 MPa和3.2×10^(4)J/m^(2)。纳米TiO_(2)和DE的引入调控了PEF/TiO_(2)/DE复合材料对CO_(2)、O_(2)的渗透性,CO_(2)屏障改善系数(BIF_(CO_(2)))由PEF/TiO_(2)的3.02变为1.37~4.64,O_(2)屏障改善系数(BIFO_(2))由PEF/TiO_(2)的1.36变为0.7~2.07;此外,纳米TiO_(2)的加入赋予PEF良好的紫外屏蔽性能:PEF/TiO_(2)复合材料的紫外屏蔽率由PEF的45.38%提高至83.85%,提高了85%,PEF/TiO_(2)/DE复合材料的紫外屏蔽性能均大于84%。     

Shadowgraph investigation of plasma shock wave evolution from Al target under 355-nm laser ablation

The propagation of a plasma shock wave generated from an Al target surface ablated by a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser operating at 355 nm in air is investigated at the different focusing positions of the laser beam by using a time-resolved shadowgraph imaging technique. The results show that in the case of a target surface set at the off-focus position, the condition of the focal point behind or in front of the target surface greatly influences the evolution of an Al plasma shock wave, and an ionization channel forms in the case of the focal point set in front of the target surface. Moreover, it is found that the shadowgraph with the evolution time around 100 ns shows that a protrusion appears at the front tip of the shock wave if the focal point is at the target surface. In addition, the calculated results of the expanding velocity of the shock wave front, the mass density, and pressure just behind the shock wave front are presented based on the shadowgraphs.     

Practical 2.45-GHz microwave-driven Cs-free Hˉ ion source developed at Peking University

A practical 2.45-GHz microwave-driven Cs-free Hˉ source was improved based on the experimental Hˉ source at Peking University(PKU). Several structural improvements were implemented to meet the practical requirements of Xi'an Proton Application Facility(XiPaf). Firstly, the plasma chamber size was optimized to enhance the plasma intensity and stability. Secondly, the filter magnetic field and electron deflecting magnetic field were enhanced to reduce co-extracted electrons. Thirdly, a new two-electrode extraction system with farther electrode gap and enhanced water cooling ability to diminish spark and sputter during beam extraction was applied. At last, the direct Hˉ current measuring method was adopted by the arrangement of a new pair of bending magnets before Faraday cup(FC) to remove residual electrons. With these improvements, electron cyclotron resonance(ECR) magnetic field optimization experiments and operation parameter variation experiments were carried out on the Hˉ ion source and a maximum 8.5-mA pure Hˉ beam was extracted at 50 kV with the time structure of 100 Hz/0.3 ms. The root-mean-square(RMS) emittance of the beam is 0.25 Π·mm·mrad. This improved Hˉ source and extraction system were maintenance-free for more than 200 hours in operation.     

Deformation and Spallation of Explosive Welded Steels under Gas Gun Shock Loading

We investigate deformation and spallation of explosive welded bi-steel plates under gas gun shock loading. Free surface histories are measured to obtain the Hugoniot elastic limit and spall strengths at different impact velocities.Pre-and post-shock microstructures are characterized with optical metallography, scanning electron microscopy,and electron backscatter diffraction. In addition, the Vickers hardness test is conducted. Explosive welding can result in a wavy steel/steel interface, an ultrafine grain region centered at the interface, and a neighboring high deformation region, accompanied by a hardness with the highest value at the interface. Additional shock compression induces a further increase in hardness, and shock-induced deformation occurs in the form of twinning and dislocation slip and depends on the local substructure. Spall damage nucleates and propagates along the ultrafine grain region, due to the initial cracks or weak interface bonding. Spall strengths of bimetal plates can be higher than its constituents. Plate impact offers a promising method for improving explosive welding.     

基于知识图谱的嵌入式操作系统测试用例复用推荐模型

测试是确保嵌入式操作系统品质及安全性的重要途径,而测试用例是软件测试中的重要角色。针对目前嵌入式操作系统历史用例知识不能充分利用以及传统案例中测试用例复用功能弱的缺陷,提出了一种基于知识图谱的嵌入式操作系统测试用例推荐模型。该方法利用知识图谱在具有复杂关系的数据中存储和检索信息的优势,根据历史测试用例抽取实体和关系,设计本体模型,并创建领域知识图谱;选择无监督对比学习的自然语言处理技术进行实体间的中文文本相似度匹配任务,结合知识推荐建立关于嵌入式操作系统测试用例的复用推荐模型。实验结果表明,本文设计的本体模型能够帮助测试人员有效地复用测试用例,并达到94.305%的覆盖率,极大地节约了测试成本,具有较强的工程应用价值。     

磁场辅助沿面介质阻挡放电对所制备等离子体活化水化学活性及灭菌效应的影响

利用磁场辅助大气压空气沿面介质阻挡放电制备等离子体活化水,研究了不同放电电压与放电频率下有无磁场时放电制备的等离子体活化水的溶液性质,结合气液两相相关化学反应网络,分析了磁场影响放电制备等离子体活化水的机理;并比较了不同放电条件下有无磁场制备的等离子体活化水对大肠杆菌的杀灭效果.结果表明,磁场的加入能通过影响电子碰撞反应,进而影响后续的链式化学反应和液相次级反应进程,提高等离子体活化水的酸度、电导率及NO₃^-,NO₂^–,H₂O₂和ONOOH的浓度,增强对大肠杆菌的灭活效果.对于获得相同的杀菌效果,磁场的引入显著降低了所需的放电电压和放电频率、降低了能耗.等离子体活化水中的H⁺,H₂O₂,ONOOH等活性物种对杀菌具有协同效应.磁场辅助高电压-高频率放电时液相各活性物种的提升最显著,此时杀菌效应的提升也最明显.     

爆炸容器内小药量实验动态标定压力传感器

在爆炸容器中进行小药量空中爆炸实验, 利用传感器序列测量冲击波速度, 根据冲击波Rankine-Hugoniot关系获得测点近似理论峰值压力, 从而实现压力传感器的标定, 获得的灵敏度相对误差较小。同时测量了相应的冲击波参数, 并利用Modified-Friedlander公式进行数据后处理, 结果表明固定超压拟合更接近物理事实, 固定正相时间拟合也具有较高精度。最后进行了误差分析, 发现不同传感器特性及数据后处理方法都会带来一定误差。实验结果表明这种测量和后处理方法具有较高的精度, 可以同时标定传感器和测量冲击波参数。     

4-溴吲哚衍生物的合成

以4-溴吲哚为原料,经3步反应合成了1-甲基4-溴吲哚乙醇(4,总收率46.9%);经5步反应合成了1-甲基4-溴吲哚乙胺(6,总收率41.3%).4和6的结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和IR表征.4和6分别是合成具重要生理活性的天然产物Communesin和Clavicipitic acid的重要中间体.