全文获取类型
收费全文 | 738353篇 |
免费 | 91883篇 |
国内免费 | 120658篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 500992篇 |
晶体学 | 7986篇 |
力学 | 38463篇 |
综合类 | 13500篇 |
数学 | 81264篇 |
物理学 | 308689篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4066篇 |
2023年 | 12679篇 |
2022年 | 15432篇 |
2021年 | 12642篇 |
2020年 | 10322篇 |
2019年 | 16028篇 |
2018年 | 17677篇 |
2017年 | 13762篇 |
2016年 | 15294篇 |
2015年 | 15956篇 |
2014年 | 26381篇 |
2013年 | 23380篇 |
2012年 | 55804篇 |
2011年 | 70223篇 |
2010年 | 31268篇 |
2009年 | 27173篇 |
2008年 | 60551篇 |
2007年 | 60532篇 |
2006年 | 61969篇 |
2005年 | 58065篇 |
2004年 | 50034篇 |
2003年 | 40112篇 |
2002年 | 35858篇 |
2001年 | 27822篇 |
2000年 | 29658篇 |
1999年 | 14961篇 |
1998年 | 8878篇 |
1997年 | 6895篇 |
1996年 | 12156篇 |
1995年 | 10297篇 |
1994年 | 11460篇 |
1993年 | 12417篇 |
1992年 | 11786篇 |
1991年 | 7469篇 |
1990年 | 7345篇 |
1989年 | 6564篇 |
1988年 | 7131篇 |
1987年 | 6642篇 |
1986年 | 6411篇 |
1985年 | 5960篇 |
1984年 | 3733篇 |
1983年 | 3219篇 |
1982年 | 2565篇 |
1981年 | 2027篇 |
1980年 | 1411篇 |
1979年 | 921篇 |
1978年 | 571篇 |
1966年 | 372篇 |
1965年 | 449篇 |
1948年 | 903篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
针对星模拟器与星敏感器观星的色温不匹配对星敏感器光信号定标精度产生的影响,设计了一种基于LED的多色温多星等单星模拟器,采用该系统模拟特定色温的星光用于星敏感器光信号定标,大幅降低了色温非匹配带来的定标误差。从理论上分析了色温非匹配影响星敏感器光信号的定标精度的机理;根据设计指标确定了星模拟器的设计方案,主要解决了光源的选型、多色温多星等单星模拟器驱动和控制系统、色温星等匹配算法、多色温多星等单星模拟器软件设计四项关键技术问题;对多色温多星等单星模拟器进行了标定和性能测试:0等星4000K和3等星7000 K星光的光谱匹配误差分别为4.87%和7.83%,星等等级分别为0.03和2.93;光源稳定后,多色温多星等单星模拟器的平行光管出口Φ100 mm口径内的照度非均匀度为6.5%,均满足设计指标。 相似文献
72.
Min-Woo Lee Jae-Yup Kim Hyung-Geun Lee Hyun Gil Cha Duck-Hyung Lee Min Jae Ko 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》2021,(3)
Herein,we examine the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells containing five D-π-A organic dyes designed by systematic modification of π-bridge size and geometric structure.Each dye has a simple push-pull structure with a triarylamino group as an electron donor,bithiophene-4,4-dimethyl-4 H-cyclopenta 1,2-b:5,4-b’]dithiophene(M11),4,4-dimethyl-4 H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b’]dithiophenethiophene(M12),thiophene-4,4-dimethyl-4 H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b’]dithiophene(M13),4,4-dimethyl-4 H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b’]dithiophene-benzene(M14),and 4,4-dimethyl-4 H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b’]dithiophene(M15)units asπ-bridges,and cyanoacrylic acid as an electron acceptor/anchor.The extension of theπ-bridge linkage favors wide-range absorption but,because of the concomitant molecular volume increase,hinders the efficient adsorption of dyes on the TiO2 film surface.Hence,higher loadings are achieved for smaller dye molecules,resulting in(i)a shift of the TiO2 conduction band edge to more negative values,(ii)a greater photocurrent,and(iii)suppressed charge recombination between the photoanode and the redox couple in the electrolyte.Consequently,under one-sun equivalent illumination(AM 1.5 G,100 mW/cm2),the highest photovoltage,photocurrent,and conversion efficiency(η=7.19%)are observed for M15,which has the smallest molecular volume among M series dyes. 相似文献
73.
Recently,the nested Mach–Zehnder interferometer[Phys.Rev.Lett.111,240402(2013)]was modified by adding Dove prisms in a paper[Quantum Stud.:Math.Found.2,255(2015)],and an interesting result is that,after the Dove prisms were inserted,a signal at the first mirror of the nested interferometer was obtained.But,according to the former original paper,the photons have never been present near that mirror.In this work,we interpret this result naturally by resorting to the three-path interference method.Moreover,we find that even though the photons have been somewhere,they can hide the trace of being there. 相似文献
74.
We report a spatially modulated polarimetry scheme by using a zero-order vortex half-wave retarder(ZVHR)and a spatial Fourier analysis method.A ZVHR is employed to analyze the input polarized light and convert it into a vectorial optical field,and an analyzer is set after the ZVHR to form an hourglass intensity pattern due to the spatial polarization modulation.Then,the input light’s Stokes parameters can be calculated by spatial Fourier analysis of the hourglass pattern with a single shot.The working principle of the polarimeter has been analyzed by the Stokes-Mueller formalism,and some quantitative measuring experiments of different polarization states have been demonstrated.The experimental results indicate that the proposed polarimeter is accurate,robust,and simple to use. 相似文献
75.
L.V.Zhukova D.D.Salimgareev A.E.Lvov A.A.Yuzhakova A.S.Korsakov D.A.Belousov K.V.Lipustin V.M.Kondrashin 《中国光学快报(英文版)》2021,(2):51-56
The article is devoted to the technology for obtaining optical ceramics of Ag Br-Tl I and Ag Br-Tl Br0.46I0.54 systems and manufacturing samples with different compositions.The new heterophase crystal ceramics are transparent without absorption windows in the spectral range from 1.0 to 60.0μm.In the ceramics’transparency spectra based on the Ag Br-Tl I and Ag Br-Tl Br0.46I0.54 systems fusibility diagrams,with an increase in the thallium halides mass fraction,as well as the replacement of the bromine ion with iodine,the maximum transparency shifts to a long infrared region. 相似文献
77.
78.
In the present research, hierarchical structure observation and mechanical property characterization for a type of biomaterial are carried out. The investigated biomaterial is Hyriopsis cumingii, a typical limnetic shell, which consists of two different structural layers, a prismatic "pillar"structure and a nacreous "brick and mortar" structure. The prismatic layer looks like a "pillar forest" with variationsection pillars sized on the order of several tens of microns.The nacreous material looks like a "brick wall" with bricks sized on the order of several microns. Both pillars and bricks are composed of nanoparticles. The mechanical properties of the hierarchical biomaterial are measured by using the nanoindentation test. Hardness and modulus are measured for both the nacre layer and the prismatic layer, respectively.The nanoindentation size effects for the hierarchical structural materials are investigated experimentally. The results show that the prismatic nanostructured material has a higher stiffness and hardness than the nacre nanostructured material.In addition, the nanoindentation size effects for the hierarchical structural materials are described theoretically, by using the trans-scale mechanics theory considering both strain gradient effect and the surface/interface effect. The modeling results are consistent with experimental ones. 相似文献
79.
The Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha’apai volcano in Tonga erupted violently on January 15, 2022. After 8 hours and 39 minutes, an infrasound array in Kunming at a distance of 10151 km away from the volcano recorded a sequence of strong infrasonic waves. The average period of the first four infrasonic waves is 443 s with propagation speed of 321 m/s. The azimuth angle of this event has been estimated by applying the progressive multi-channel correlation(PMCC) method to process the received signals. During c... 相似文献
80.
紫外可见偏振成像光谱仪中沃拉斯顿棱镜的色散效应会导致探测器同一空间通道的中心坐标发生偏移,影响目标信号探测精度。根据偏振解调算法,利用沃拉斯顿棱镜出射的两正交分量调制光谱(S光和P光)实现偏振信息解调时,还需要完成光谱匹配。针对这一问题,提出了一种光谱定标与匹配方法。首先利用平行光源标定了仪器视场角与空间维像元的对应关系,提取出各空间通道对应的像元坐标集合并确定了视场定标方程;在同一空间通道内,通过低压汞灯标准光源对波长与像元的对应关系进行标定,得出光谱定标方程;利用视场定标和光谱定标结果完成正交分量光谱的匹配;最后利用太阳光谱中Fraunhofer线的特征波长对定标结果进行了检验。结果表明:紫外可见偏振成像光谱仪正交分量的光谱吸收峰位具有较好的一致性,定标值和标准值的偏差在0.1 nm以内,这验证了定标结果的准确性。 相似文献