Effects of level and frequency on the audibility of partials in inharmonic complex tones

The effect of level and frequency on the audibility of partials was measured for complex tones with partials uniformly spaced on an equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB(N)) number scale. On each trial, subjects heard a sinusoidal "probe" followed by a complex tone. The probe was mistuned downwards or upwards (at random) by 4.5% from the frequency of one randomly selected partial in the complex. The subject indicated whether the probe was higher or lower in frequency than the nearest partial in the complex. The frequencies were roved from trial to trial, keeping frequency ratios fixed. In experiment 1, the level per partial, L, was 40 or 70 dB SPL and the mean frequency of the central partial, f(c), was 1201 Hz. Scores for the highest and lowest partials in the complexes were generally high for all spacings. Scores for the inner partials were close to chance at 0.75-ERB(N) spacing, and improved as the spacing was increased up to 2 ERB(N). For intermediate spacings, performance was better for the lower level used. In experiment 2, L was 70 dB SPL and f(c) was 3544 Hz. Performance worsened markedly for partial frequencies above 3544 Hz, consistent with a role of phase locking.     

Phased array focusing with guided waves in a viscoelastic coated hollow cylinder

Guided wave phased array focusing has shown many advantages in long-range pipeline inspection, such as, longer inspection distance, greater wave penetration power and higher detection resolution. Viscoelastic coatings applied to a large percentage of pipes for protection purposes created some challenges in terms of focusing feasibility and inspection ability. Previous studies were all based on bare pipe models. In this work, guided wave phased array focusing in viscoelastic coated pipes is studied for the first time. Work was carried out with both numerical and experimental methods. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed for quantitatively and systematically modeling guided waves in pipes with different viscoelastic materials. A method of transforming measured coating properties to finite element method inputs was created in order to create a physically based model of guided waves in coated pipes. Guided wave focusing possibilities in viscoelastic coated pipes and the effects from coatings were comprehensively studied afterwards. A comparison of focusing and nonfocusing inspections was also studied quantitatively in coated pipe showing that focusing increased the wave energy and consequently the inspection ability tremendously. This study provides an important base line and guidance for guided wave propagation and focusing in a real field pipeline under various coating and environmental conditions.     

Restoration of solar and star images with phase diversity-based blind deconvolution

The images recorded by a ground-based telescope are often degraded by atmospheric turbulence and the aberration of the optical system. Phase diversity-based blind deconvolution is an effective post-processing method that can be used to overcome the turbulence-induced degradation. The method uses an ensemble of short-exposure images obtained imultaneously from multiple cameras to jointly estimate the object and the wavefront distribution on pupil. Based on signal estimation theory and optimization theory, we derive the cost function and solve the large-scale optimization problem using a limited memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) method. We apply the method to the urbulence degraded images generated with computer, the solar images acquired with the swedish vacuum solar telescope (SVST, 0.475m) in La Paima and the star images collected with 1.2-m telescope in Yunnan Observatory. In order to avoid edge effect in the restoration of the solar images, a modified Hanning apodized window is adopted.The star image till can be estored when the defocus distance is measured inaccurately. The restored results demonstrate that the method is efficient for removing the effect of turbulence and reconstructing the point-like or extended objects.     

大功率高温超导滤波器的设计与功率测试

本文在双面YBCO高温超导薄膜上设计并制备了两节大功率超导滤波器,根据滤波器功率承载能力与最大电流密度之间的关系,减小电流密度和分散电流密度的分布是提高功率承载能力的关键.本文采用增加超导谐振器尺寸、优化几何结构及改进馈线耦合方式的方法,设计了两节2 GHz频段梭型谐振器结构的滤波器.设计及测量结果显示了馈线结构及谐振器几何尺寸优化程度对超导滤波器功率承载能力有不同程度的影响,说明了在大功率超导滤波器设计中应选用无结点间隙耦合式馈线以抑制电流密度的聚集.采用优化后的谐振器结构制备的梭型两节超导滤波器经测试功率承载能力为2 W.超导滤波器的尺寸为25×12 mm LaAlO3基片,中心频率2.022 GHz,相对带宽为2.4%.同时给出了超导滤波器功率测试的结构和方法.     

初始模型对含噪动态光散射数据正则化反演结果的影响

分别采用最小模型矩阵、最平坦模型矩阵、最光滑模型矩阵作为初始化模型,对加入5种不同水平随机噪声的90 nm窄单峰、90 nm宽单峰和250 nm窄单峰、250 nm宽单峰颗粒体系的模拟分布进行了正则化反演,并对反演结果进行比较。结果表明：当噪声水平为0时,正则化初始模型的选择对反演结果没有明显影响。随着噪声水平的增加,采用三种初始化模型反演得到的峰值误差和粒度分布误差都随之变大,但采用最平坦模型和最光滑模型反演得到的峰值和粒度分布误差明显小于采用最小初始模型的反演误差。当噪声水平大于0.01时,选择最平坦初始模型获得的粒度分布结果优于采用最光滑初始模型和最小初始模型获得的结果,而采用最光滑初始模型反演得到的峰值优于最平坦初始模型和最小初始模型的反演峰值。因此,采用正则化算法处理含噪动态光散射数据时,为得到最优的粒度分布信息,宜采用最平坦初始模型,若需要获取最准确的峰值信息,则应选择最光滑初始模型。     

Influence of Rashba SOI and Polaronic Effects on the Ground-State Energy of Electrons in Semiconductor Quantum Rings

The influence of Rashba spin-orbit interaction （SOI） and polaronic effect on the ground-state energy of electrons in semiconductor quantum rings （QRs） are studied by means of the Lee-Low-Pines variational method. Numerical calculations for GaAs QRs are performed and the results show that the ground-state energy of electrons splits into two branches as E（↑） and E（↓） under the Rashba SOI, which correspond to the spin-up state and spin-down state, respectively. The contribution of the Rashba SOI effect to the ground-state energy of electrons is related to the spin state of electrons and is closely linked to the inner and outer radii of a QR. However, it is independent of the height of the QR. The ground-state energy of electrons decreases due to the polaronic effect in QRs. The energy shift ＆#8710;Ee-LO of the ground-state of the electron induced by the polaronic effect decreases monotonically with increase of the height of a QR and fluctuates with the changes of the radii of QRs. The amplitude of the fluctuation is very sensitive and remarkable to the changes of the inner radius R1 and the outer radius R2.     

64通道一维位置灵敏电流分布探测器及其数据获取系统

针对高流强粒子束与绝缘毛细管相互作用的特点, 设计制作了一套64通道一维位置灵敏电流分布探测器及其配套的数据获取系统, 该探测器可分辨最小直径为1 mm的束斑, 通过数据获取系统可实现可视化自动数据采集。 用2 nA和200—2000 eV电子对探测器进行了定标, 并用10 μA和2000 eV的电子束穿越锥形毛细管后的出射电子, 对探测器及数据获取系统进行测试, 获得了出射粒子的位置分布谱及能量信息。 A 64 channel position sensitive current distribution detector with 1 mm position resolution was developed, while the data acquisition system is based on the LabVIEW software. The test result obtained by using a 2 nA, 200—2000 eV electron beam deflecting by different voltages and the position spectra of 10 μA, 2000 eV electrons transmitted through a glass capillary was measured. The result indicated that the detector can be used to detect the charged particles with strong beam current through the capillary.     

无线传感器网络中继节点布居算法的研究

本文表述的是在该应用背景下引入多约束条件, 并采用枚举法与贪婪寻优算法相结合的方法, 解决了在可以作为中继节点设置位置的预设中继节点位置集合内, 合理选择中继节点设置位置以及既存网络因添加新传感器节点所引起的中继节点追加的问题. 仿真实验表明, 本文提出的中继节点布居与追加优化算法能够保证多约束条件下网络的容错性. 同时提出的基于最小网络距离因子评价标准, 有效提高了中继节点布居算法的能效性.     

Modeling red coral (Corallium rubrum) and African snail (Helixia aspersa) shell pigments: Raman spectroscopy versus DFT studies

Pigments from red coral (Corallium rubrum) and African snail (Helixia aspersa) shell were studied non‐invasively using Raman spectroscopy with 1064‐nm laser beam. The two observed bands because of organic pigments confined in biomineralized CaCO₃ matrix at about 1500 and 1100 cm⁻¹ were assigned to ν(CC) and ν(C―C), respectively. Both signals originate from polyene(s) of largely unknown structure, containing several conjugated CC bonds. The small peak at 1016 cm⁻¹ in the Raman spectrum of coral pigment was assigned to in‐plane ―CH₃ rocking or structural deformation of polyene chain because of spatial confinement in the mineral matrix. The organic pigments in red coral and snail shell were present in inorganic matrix containing aragonite (shell) and calcite (coral). In addition, using Raman spectroscopy, it was observed that aragonite was replaced by calcite as result of healing damaged parts of snail shell. This is an important finding which indicates a great potential of nondestructive Raman spectroscopy instead of X‐ray technique, as a diagnostic tool in environmental studies. To support analysis of the observed Raman spectra detailed calculations using density functional theory (DFT with B3LYP and BLYP density functionals) on structure and vibrations of model all‐trans polyenes were undertaken. DFT calculated CC and C―C stretching frequencies for all‐trans polyenes containing from 2 to 14 CC units were compared with the observed ν(CC) and ν(C―C) band positions of the studied coral and shell. Individual correction factors were used to better match theoretical wavenumbers with observed band positions in red coral and African snail. It was concluded that all‐trans polyene pigments of red coral and dark parts of African snail shell contain 11–12 and 14 CC double bond units, respectively. However, Raman spectroscopy cannot produce any clear information on the presence and nature of the end‐chain substituents in the studied pigments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.