全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7933篇 |
免费 | 1350篇 |
国内免费 | 1244篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 6395篇 |
晶体学 | 85篇 |
力学 | 437篇 |
综合类 | 88篇 |
数学 | 832篇 |
物理学 | 2690篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 32篇 |
2023年 | 164篇 |
2022年 | 346篇 |
2021年 | 357篇 |
2020年 | 382篇 |
2019年 | 441篇 |
2018年 | 324篇 |
2017年 | 307篇 |
2016年 | 429篇 |
2015年 | 441篇 |
2014年 | 485篇 |
2013年 | 616篇 |
2012年 | 741篇 |
2011年 | 695篇 |
2010年 | 434篇 |
2009年 | 444篇 |
2008年 | 480篇 |
2007年 | 386篇 |
2006年 | 385篇 |
2005年 | 341篇 |
2004年 | 288篇 |
2003年 | 247篇 |
2002年 | 335篇 |
2001年 | 268篇 |
2000年 | 172篇 |
1999年 | 159篇 |
1998年 | 133篇 |
1997年 | 80篇 |
1996年 | 90篇 |
1995年 | 69篇 |
1994年 | 67篇 |
1993年 | 51篇 |
1992年 | 80篇 |
1991年 | 51篇 |
1990年 | 51篇 |
1989年 | 30篇 |
1988年 | 24篇 |
1987年 | 27篇 |
1986年 | 24篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
1936年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
141.
142.
Ruifang Yang Nanjing Zhao Xue Xiao Shaohui Yu Jianguo Liu Wenqing Liu 《Journal of Chemometrics》2015,29(8):442-447
Sparse non‐negative matrix factorization on right side factor (SNMF/R) has better performance in feature extraction than non‐negative matrix factorization. In this work, SNMF/R was first used to separate the overlapped three‐dimensional fluorescence spectra of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mixtures in pure water, lake water, and river water, respectively. It is found that the similarity coefficients between the acquired three‐dimensional spectra and the corresponding reference spectra with random initials are all above 0.80; the recognition rate of SNMF/R is higher than that of PARAFAC and non‐negative matrix factorization algorithms, especially in the case of lake water and river water samples. In addition, SNMF/R does not need any initialization scheme designing during spectra separation. These results demonstrate that SNMF/R is an appropriate algorithm to separate the overlapped fluorescence spectra of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic environment accurately and effectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
143.
Gregory B. Kharas Xue Tian Whitney K. Castle Marie B. Cuison Maria R. Fath Bridget Nord 《高分子科学杂志,A辑:纯化学与应用化学》2013,50(4):355-358
Electrophilic trisubstituted ethylene monomers, ring‐substituted 2‐cyano‐N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐phenyl‐2‐propenamides, RC6H4CH?C(CN)CON(CH3)2 (where R is 4‐(CH3)2N, 4‐CH3CO2, 4‐CH3CONH, 2‐CN, 3‐CN, 4‐CN, 4‐(C2H5)2N) were synthesized by potassium hydroxide catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring‐substituted benzaldehydes and N,N‐dimethyl cyanoacetamide, and characterized by CHN elemental analysis, IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR. Novel copolymers of the ethylenes and styrene were prepared at equimolar monomer feed composition by solution copolymerization in the presence of a radical initiator, ABCN at 70°C. The composition of the copolymers was calculated from nitrogen analysis, and the structures were analyzed by IR, 1H and 13C NMR, GPC, DSC, and TGA. High Tg of the copolymers in comparison with that of polystyrene indicates a substantial decrease in chain mobility of the copolymer due to the high dipolar character of the trisubstituted ethylene monomer unit. The gravimetric analysis indicated that the copolymers decompose in the 300–450°C range. 相似文献
144.
Novel Copolymers of Styrene and Alkoxy Ring‐Substituted 2‐Cyano‐N,N‐Dimethyl‐3‐Phenyl‐2‐Propenamides
Gregory B. Kharas Xue Tian Adam C. Hermsen Aditi S. Jani Larissa I. Kozij Emira Hadziahmetovic 《高分子科学杂志,A辑:纯化学与应用化学》2013,50(10):1485-1492
Electrophilic trisubstituted ethylene monomers, alkoxy ring‐substituted 2‐cyano‐N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐phenyl‐2‐propenamides, RC6H4CH?C(CN)CON(CH3)2 (where R is 2‐OCH3, 3‐OCH3, 4‐OCH3, 2‐OCH2CH3, 3‐OCH2CH3, 4‐OCH2CH2CH3, 4‐OCH2CH2CH2CH3), were synthesized by potassium hydroxide catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring‐substituted benzaldehydes and N,N‐dimethyl cyanoacetamide, and characterized by CHN elemental analysis, IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR. Novel copolymers of the ethylenes and styrene were prepared at equimolar monomer feed composition by solution copolymerization in the presence of a radical initiator, ACBN at 70°C. The composition of the copolymers was calculated from nitrogen analysis, and the structures were analyzed by IR, 1H and 13C NMR, GPC, DSC, and TGA. High Tg of the copolymers in comparison with that of polystyrene indicates a substantial decrease in chain mobility of the copolymer due to the high dipolar character of the trisubstituted ethylene monomer unit. The gravimetric analysis indicated that the copolymers decompose in the 300–450°C range. 相似文献
145.
A series of novel silicone modified polyurethane (Si-PU) surfactants were successfully synthesized by using hydroxypropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (HPMS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) and isophoronediisocyanate (IPDI). The chemical structure of the surfactant was confirmed by FTIR and 1H-NMR. TEM photographs showed that the micelles of the Si-PU surfactants dispersed in aqueous solution were spherical with the particle size in the range of 100–400 nm. Surface tension measurements indicated that these surfactants had low surface tension to 29.9 mN·m?1and a definite critical micelle concentration to, approximately 5.0×10?4–7.5×10?4mol·L?1. When the content of HPMS was 20 wt%, the surfactant's, emulsifying performance was superior to the traditionally available Span80/Tween80 mixed emulsifiers. In addition to that, no phase transition temperature was detected from 20°C to 90°C by fluorescence probe and DSC measurements, confirming the high thermal stability of the micelles. 相似文献
146.
Interaction between tetramethylcucurbit[6]uril (TMeQ[6], host) and the hydrochloride salt of α-furaldehyde-isonicotinyl-hydrazone hydrochloride (FIHH+, guest) was investigated using X-ray crystallography and spectroscopic methods. X-ray crystallography showed that the π–π stacking effect and hydrogen bonding resulted in the formation of a dumbbell-shaped supramolecule which contained two FIHH+@TMeQ[6] host–guest inclusion complexes. The host–guest interaction provided identifiable changes in the vibrational frequencies in the IR spectra. 1H NMR spectral analysis established a similar interaction model and revealed that TMeQ[6] preferred to include the furan moiety over the pyridine moiety of the FIHH+ guest molecule. Absorption spectrophotometric analysis suggested that the host and guest interact in a ratio of 1:1 with a stability constant K s = (3.52 ± 0.74) × 106 l mol? 1.pH titration confirmed that the host–guest interaction led to a clear change in the protonation constant of the title guest. Quantum chemical calculations were used to determine the possible mechanism of formation of the dumbbell-shaped complex. 相似文献
147.
采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了ZnO及M2+掺杂ZnO纳米粉晶(M=Cu、Cd、Ag、Fe),用现代测试技术表征了样品的组成、结构和形貌,以大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)为测试菌株,用抑菌圈、最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度等方法研究了样品在日光照射下的抗菌活性。结果表明,与母体ZnO相比,Cu、Ag、Cd掺杂样品的抗菌性能明显地增强,这可能是由于掺杂金属离子置换Zn2+生成了晶格缺陷和电荷缺陷,阻止了光生电子和光生空穴对的复合从而增强了光催化活性和抗菌活性。 相似文献
148.
A series of novel axially chiral 2,2′‐bipyridine N,N′‐dioxides bearing C1 or C2‐symmetry have been synthesized by the use of enantiopure α‐amino acids as chiral sources. The absolute stereochemistry of the axial chirality of these organocatalysts has been clearly assigned by means of CD measurements together with literature protocols. The reactivities and enantioselectivities of these organocatalysts have been examined in the reactions of aromatic aldehydes with allyltrichlorosilane, thus providing the desired products with moderate yields and enantioselectivies. 相似文献
149.
The preparation and performance characterization of〈50 nm spirobenzopyran-based photochromic nanocomposites with photoswitchable fluorescence are presented.The nanocomposites were fabricated by means of a modifed miniemulsion polymerization process,in which the hydrophobic spirobenzopyran was covalently attached to the polymer chains and the matched fluorescent dyes were noncovalently embedded in the nanoscale cross-linked polymeric matrix,respectively.The obtained nanocomposites with a high relative fluorescence quantum yield(Q)exhibited superior fluorescent photoswitchable performance due to the effective photo-induced intermolecular energy transfer.The stability of photomerocyanine was also improved. 相似文献
150.
目的探索石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定海水中铅的检测方法。方法用硝酸铵稀释海水样品,用硝酸钯和磷酸二氢铵作为基体改进剂,用石墨炉原子吸收法测定了海水中的铅含量。结果通过加标回收的验证,检测结果准确可靠。结论适合用于海水中铅含量的测定。 相似文献