Novel formulations of vitamins and insulin by nanoengineering of polyelectrolyte multilayers around microcrystals

Microcapsules loaded with vitamin K3 (VK3), biotin, or insulin were prepared by using a novel coating technology based on the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes onto microcrystal templates. This produced multilayered, polymeric shells of varying thickness around the crystalline cores. Dissolution of the core material (VK3 with ethanol, biotin with basic solution, and insulin with acidic solution), resulted in its release through the shells. Microelectrophoresis was employed to monitor the microcrystal coating process; confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to verify multilayer coating and the formation of hollow polymer shells following removal of the microcrystal templates. The release rates of both VK3 and insulin decreased as the wall thickness (the number of polyelectrolyte layers deposited onto the microcrystal cores), increased. The release time could be varied by a factor of more than ten, depending on the number of polyelectrolyte layers applied. Following the addition of 70 mass % ethanol, the solubility of VK3 increased by as much as 170-fold, resulting in an increased rate of VK3 release. By selecting appropriate polymer materials for the shells, and by controlling the number of polyelectrolyte layers applied, shells of various thickness, stiffness, aqueous solubility, dispersibility, biocompatibility, and permeability can be constructed.     

Stabilization of transmission coupled wave and Euler–Bernoulli equations on Riemannian manifolds by nonlinear feedbacks

We consider the transmission system of coupling wave equations with Euler–Bernoulli equations on Riemannian manifolds. By introducing nonlinear boundary feedback controls, we establish the exponential and rational energy decay rate for the problem. Our proofs rely on the geometric multiplier method.     

Facile preparation of fullerenyl boronic esters

The fullerendiol C₆₀(OH)₂(OOt-Bu)₄ 1 reacts with various arylboronic acids ArB(OH)₂ to form fullerene-containing boronic esters C₆₀(O₂BAr)(OOt-Bu)₄ in up to 95% yield depending on the structure of aryl group. Bis(pinacolato)diboron (B(OCMe₂)₂)₂ also reacts with 1 to form C₆₀(O₂BB(OCMe₂)₂)(OOt-Bu)₄. The bisboronic ester C₆₀(O)(O₂BAr)₂(OOt-Bu)₂ was also obtained starting from a tetrahydroxyl fullerene derivative C₆₀(O)(OH)₄(OOt-Bu)₂. The fullerenyl boronic esters are moderately stable in air. Single crystal X-ray structure of C₆₀(O₂BPh)(OOt-Bu)₄ was obtained.     

聚甲基丙烯酸单层修饰金纳米粒子的制备及pH响应性催化

采用可逆加成断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合制备了具有硫醇端基的聚甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯(PtBMA),通过其水解得到具有pH刺激响应的聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)。利用硫醇端基与金之间的强耦合作用获得了聚甲基丙烯酸单层修饰的金纳米粒子(PMAA-GNPs)催化体系。利用UV-Vis光谱和透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了PMAA-GNPs催化剂在不同pH值下的分散状态。以NaBH4还原对硝基苯酚的反应,验证了此催化体系的pH响应性。结果表明,调节体系的pH值为酸性,PMAA塌缩和包覆在金纳米粒子(GNPs)的表面,引起GNPs的聚集,从而降低了催化效率。反之,在碱性环境中,在PMAA链的排斥作用下,GNPs能较好的分散,提高催化效率。     

o‐Fluorination of Aromatic Azides Yields Improved Azido‐Based Fluorescent Probes for Hydrogen Sulfide: Synthesis,Spectra, and Bioimaging

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is an endogenously produced gaseous signaling molecule with multiple biological functions. To visualize the endogenous in situ production of H₂S in real time, new coumarin‐ and boron‐dipyrromethene‐based fluorescent turn‐on probes were developed for fast sensing of H₂S in aqueous buffer and in living cells. Introduction of a fluoro group in the ortho position of the aromatic azide can lead to a greater than twofold increase in the rate of reaction with H₂S. On the basis of o‐fluorinated aromatic azides, fluorescent probes with high sensitivity and selectivity toward H₂S over other biologically relevant species were designed and synthesized. The probes can be used to in situ to visualize exogenous H₂S and D ‐cysteine‐dependent endogenously produced H₂S in living cells, which makes them promising tools for potential applications in H₂S biology.     

Well-posedness of the linearized Prandtl equation around a non-monotonic shear flow

In this paper, we prove the well-posedness of the linearized Prandtl equation around a non-monotonic shear flow in Gevrey class $2?\theta$ for any $\theta >0$. This result is almost optimal by the ill-posedness result proved by Gérard-Varet and Dormy, who construct a class of solution with the growth like $e^{\sqrt{k}t}$ for the linearized Prandtl equation around a non-monotonic shear flow.     

On the Well-posedness of the Ideal MHD Equations in the Triebel–Lizorkin Spaces

In this paper, we prove the local well-posedness for the ideal MHD equations in the Triebel–Lizorkin spaces and obtain a blow-up criterion of smooth solutions. Specifically, we fill a gap in a step of the proof of the local well-posedness part for the incompressible Euler equation in Chae (Comm Pure Appl Math 55:654–678 2002).     

On minimizers for the isotropic–nematic interface problem

In this paper, we investigate the structure and stability of the isotropic-nematic interface in 1-D. In the absence of the anisotropic energy, the uniaxial solution is the only global minimizer. In the presence of the anisotropic energy, the uniaxial solution with the homeotropic anchoring is stable for \(L_2<0\) and unstable for \(L_2>0\). We also present many interesting open questions, some of which are related to De Giorgi conjecture.     

线性分布荷载作用下梯度功能压电悬臂梁的解

采用逆解法求解了上表面受线性分布荷载作用的压电悬臂梁执行器，其中体积力$F_z$ 呈非线性分布. 首先确定了应力函数和电位移函数的多项式表达式，进而研究了该问题的 通解，以及体积力的不同分布对解答的影响. 常体积力和无体力情况下的解可以由上述 解直接得到. 本文为研究其它类型的压电梯度微观结构提供了一种可行的方法.     

Recent advances in liposomal nanohybrid cerasomes as promising drug nanocarriers

Liposomes have been extensively investigated as possible carriers for diagnostic or therapeutic agents due to their unique properties. However, liposomes still have not attained their full potential as drug and gene delivery vehicles because of their insufficient morphological stability. Recently, a super-stable and freestanding hybrid liposomal cerasome (partially ceramic- or silica-coated liposome) has drawn much attention as a novel drug delivery system because its atomic layer of polyorganosiloxane surface imparts higher morphological stability than conventional liposomes and its liposomal bilayer structure reduces the overall rigidity and density greatly compared to silica nanoparticles. Cerasomes are more biocompatible than silica nanoparticles due to the incorporation of the liposomal architecture into cerasomes. Cerasomes combine the advantages of both liposomes and silica nanoparticles but overcome their disadvantages so cerasomes are ideal drug delivery systems. The present review will first highlights some of the key advances of the past decade in the technology of cerasome production and then review current biomedical applications of cerasomes, with a view to stimulating further research in this area of study.