铜离子对烟草多酚氧化酶变性和复性影响的热力学研究(英)

在有无5 mmol·L^-1 CuSO₄存在的两种情况下，运用荧光光谱研究了烟草多酚氧化酶在盐酸胍诱导下的变性和复性平衡。烟草多酚氧化酶在6.0 mol·L^-1盐酸胍变性30 min(25 ℃)即完全失活。荧光光谱结果表明：铜离子能够提高烟草多酚氧化酶的结构稳定性和抗盐酸胍变性的能力，进而影响烟草多酚氧化酶在盐酸胍诱导下的变性和复性过程。没有外源铜存在的情况下，盐酸胍诱导的烟草多酚氧化酶变性和复性是一个可逆的二态过程；在5 mmol·L^-1 CuSO₄存在的条件下，由于结合了Cu²⁺的酶的中间态稳定性增加，显示特征荧光，结果显示，外源铜存在时，盐酸胍诱导的烟草多酚氧化酶变性和复性是一个可逆的三态过程。根据相应模型，进行了热力学计算。上述实验结果得到酶活性测定的进一步证实，在6 mol·L^-1盐酸胍中放置5，10，15，20，25，30 min，烟草多酚氧化酶的剩余活性分别为18.7%，11.7%，8.9%，6.6%，3.6%，0.06%，但在5 mmol·L^-1 CuSO₄存在的条件下，剩余活性则分别为60.3%，44.6%，42.5%，40.2%，25.6%，25.3%。     

Hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking in 6‐hydroxy­biochanin A monohydrate

In the lattice of the title compound (systematic name: 5,6,7‐trihydroxy‐4′‐meth­oxy­isoflavone monohydrate), C₁₆H₁₂O₆·H₂O, the isoflavone mol­ecules are linked into chains through R₄³(17) motifs composed via O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Centrosymmetric R₄²(14) motifs assemble the chains into sheets. Hydrogen‐bonding and aromatic π–π stacking inter­actions lead to the formation of a three‐dimensional network structure.     

超分子钴(Ⅱ)配合物[CoL(H2O)2]n的合成与结构表征

A mononuclear Cobalt(Ⅱ) complex [CoL(H₂O)₂]_n (H₂L: 4,4′,6,6′-Tetrabromo-2,2′-[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol), has been synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray diffraction single crystal structure analysis. The crystal of the complex belongs to monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a=2.516 8(3) nm, b=1.023 43(18) nm, c=0.789 17(14) nm, β=91.375(2)°, V=2.032 1(5) nm³, Z=4, D_c=2.317 Mg·m^-3, μ(Mo Kα)=8.747 mm^-1, F(000)=1 356, R₁=0.049 7, wR₂=0.110 4. The crystal structure of [CoL(H₂O)₂]_n indicates that the complex consists of one cobalt(Ⅱ) atom, one L^2- unit and two coordinated water molecules, and the coordination number of the cobalt(Ⅱ) atom is six. One-dimensional chain supramolecular structure is formed by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking of neighboring benzene rings. CCDC: 652649.     

A mechanistic and synthetic study of organocopper substitution reactions with some homoallylic and cyclopropylcarbinyl substrates : Application to isoprenoid synthesis

The double bond of cholesteryl and 5-norbornen-2-yl tosylates and the cyclopropane ring of cyclopropylmethylcarbinyl tosylate participate in organocuprate substitution reactions; retention of configuration at the nucleofugal sp³-C atom and skeletal reorganizations are observed. A plausible mechanism for these reactions is discussed. Coupling of homogeranyl iodide with a four-carbon, functionalized, vinylic cuprate reagent is applied to stereospecific synthesis of trans, trans-farnesol.     

Advanced Current Collectors for Alkali Metal Anodes

High-energy-density batteries are in urgent need to solve the ever-increasing energy storage demand for portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and renewable solar and wind energy systems. Alkali metals, typically lithium(Li), sodium(Na) and potassium(K), are considered as the promising anode materials owing to their low electrochemical potential, low density, and high theoretical gravimetric capacities. However, the problem of dendrite growth of alkali metals during their plating/stripping process will lead to low Coulombic efficiencies, a short lifespan and huge volume expansion, eventually hindering their practical commercialization. To resolve this issue, a very effective approach is engineering the anodes on structured current collectors. This review summarizes the development of the alkali metal batteries and discusses the recent advances in rational design of anode current collectors. First, the challenges and strategies of suppressing alkali-metal dendrite growth are presented. Then the special attention is paid to the novel current collector design for dendrite-free alkali metal anodes. Finally, we give conclusions and perspective on the current challenges and future research directions toward advanced anode current collectors for alkali metal batteries.     

催化裂化干气与苯烷基化催化蒸馏制乙苯反应网络热力学研究

 高温气相反应条件下的催化裂化干气制乙苯过程中，容易生成甲苯和二甲苯等副产物；在该过程中采用催化蒸馏技术，使苯与乙烯在低温条件下进行反应，可大幅度降低产品中二甲苯的含量．通过对催化裂化干气与苯烷基化催化精馏过程中的各反应步骤进行分析与热力学计算，结合反应的实际产物组成，提出了苯与乙烯烷基化的反应网络，探讨了苯与乙烯烷基化反应过程中甲苯和二甲苯的形成机理及影响因素．结果表明，增大苯／乙烯比对提高乙烯平衡转化率及乙苯收率有利；在较低温度下进行烷基化反应，可大大减缓C－C键裂解速度，抑制甲苯和二甲苯生成，提高乙苯产品质量．     

高效液相色谱法测定水产品中四环素类抗生素残留

建立了一种高效液相色谱法测定水产品中土霉素、四环素、去甲基金霉素、金霉素、脱氧土霉素的分析方法。样品用5.0%高氯酸溶液提取,上清液用OasisHLB固相萃取柱净化,用紫外检测器于355nm测定。土霉素、四环素、去甲基金霉素检测限为0.01mg/kg,金霉素、脱氧土霉素检出限为0.02mg/kg。5种药物的回收率在74.8%~89.3%之间,相对标准偏差为3.95%~9.95%。方法适用于水产品中四环素类抗生素残留的检测。     

Synthesis of new 1,3-bis（phenylethynyl）disilazanes

Three new 1,3-bis(phenylethynyl)disilazanes were synthesized from the reaction of 1,3-dichlorodisilazanes with (phenylethy- nyl)lithium,and characterized by infrared (IR) spectra,nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS).     

双嵌段共聚物薄膜介观结构的耗散粒子动力学模拟

采用耗散粒子动力学(Dissipative Particle Dynamics, DPD)方法模拟两平行平板间的双嵌段共聚物体系的介观结构. 模拟结果表明, 随板间距的增大, 体系分层数量的增加是不连续的, 在分层数量的增加过程中, 出现不规则结构的过渡区；聚合物链末端距随板间距的增大呈周期性振荡, 振荡幅度逐渐减小. 对模拟结果的分析表明：层状结构转变点与分层数量之间存在近似线性关系；层状结构转变点近似与共聚物链长的2/3次方成正比.     

食品中化学性有害物的质谱软电离裂解规律及筛查技术研究进展

食品中化学性有害物是导致食品安全问题的重要原因，质谱是对食品中化学性有害物进行定性定量分析的有效方法。该文按照化合物结构类别，综述了食品中重要化学性有害物的质谱软电离裂解机理，包括农药、兽药、真菌毒素，以及其他化学污染物。对于每类化合物，重点综述化合物质谱裂解产生的特征碎片、中性丢失等，以及这些质谱软电离裂解机理在食品中化学性有害物筛查及发现中的应用。研究化合物的质谱裂解机理可以帮助研究者对化合物进行结构解析和结构确证，为食品中同类结构新型化学性有害物的发掘提供理论依据。