Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy to Characterize the Solid/Liquid Interface: Probing the Electrochemical Double Layer

Ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) has contributed greatly to a wide range of research fields, including environmental science [1 H. Bluhm, Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 177, 71–84 (2010).[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], catalysis [2 D.E. Starr et al., Chemical Society Reviews 42, 5833–5857 (2013).[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], and electrochemistry [3 E.J. Crumlin, H. Bluhm, and Z. Liu, Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 190, 84–92 (2013).[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], to name a few. The use of this technique at synchrotron facilities primarily focused on probing the solid/gas interface; however, it quickly advanced to the probing of liquid/vapor interfaces [4 D.E. Starr et al., Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 10, 3093–3098 (2008).[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], 5 M.A. Brown et al., Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 10, 4778–4784 (2008).[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] and solid/liquid interfaces through an X-ray-transparent window [6 J. Kraus et al., Nanoscale 6, 14394–14403 (2014).[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]–8 T. Masuda et al., Appl Phys Lett 103 (2013).[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. Most recently, combining APXPS with “Tender” X-rays (~2.5 keV to 8 keV) on beamline 9.3.1 at the Advanced Light Source in Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (which can generate photoelectrons with much longer inelastic mean free paths) has enabled us to probe the solid/liquid interface without needing a window [9 S. Axnanda et al., Scientific Reports 5 (2015).[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. This innovation allows us to probe interfacial chemistries of electrochemically controlled solid/liquid interfaces undergoing charge transfer reactions [9 S. Axnanda et al., Scientific Reports 5 (2015).[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. These advancements have transitioned APXPS from a traditional surface science tool to an essential interface science technique.     

Effect of bromine substituent on optical properties of aryl compounds

Substituents significantly affect optical properties of organic compounds. In this study, a series of organic compounds were synthesized. Ultraviolet‐visible and cyclic voltammetry spectra were determined. The relationships between the number of π electron in an aryl ring and the redshift (and molecular orbital energy levels) were studied. To investigate mechanisms of the bromine substituent effects, theoretical calculations were carried out. Ultraviolet‐visible spectra of bromine‐containing compounds exhibit obvious redshifts (0.04‐0.17 eV) of the maximal absorption wavelengths and enhanced absorbance (11%‐57%) compared with corresponding reference compounds. The lowest unoccupied and highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels of compounds containing bromine substituents are 0.05 to 0.60 and 0.02 to 0.40 eV lower than that of corresponding reference compounds. On the whole, the redshifts and the reduced molecular orbital energy levels caused by bromine substituent decrease with the increase in the number of π electron in an aryl ring. The effects would be attributed to strong p‐π conjugation between p electron in the bromine substituent and π electrons in aryl rings. Therefore, this paper suggests a useful way for tuning optical absorption and molecular orbital energy levels of aryl compounds.     

欧亚中高纬阻塞高压关键区高度场动力-统计跨季度预测实验

本文主要利用实际业务模式的预报结果和丰富的历史资料对乌拉尔山、 贝加尔湖和鄂霍次克海三个阻塞高压活动关键区夏季平均的500 hPa高 度场进行动力-统计跨季度预测实验, 其结果显示该方法能在一定程度上减小模式预报误差, 提高预报技巧, 显示出了良好的业务应用前景. 此外, 敏感性实验显示, 相似指标和相似年选取个数都对预测结果有显著影响. 关键词： 阻塞高压 高度场 动力-统计 跨季度预测     

ZnTe（ZnTe：Cu）多晶薄膜的XPS研究

用共蒸发法在室温下制备了ZnTe及ZnTe：Cu多晶薄膜，测量了电导率温度曲线，发现不掺杂的ZnTe薄膜的暗电导随温度的增加而线形增加，呈常规的半导体材料特征；掺Cu的ZnTe薄膜在温度较低时，lnσ随温度升高而缓慢增加，随后缓慢降低，达到一极小值，当温度继续升高时又陡然增加，呈现异常现象。用XPS研究了N2气氛下退火前后表面状态，发现不掺Cu的ZnTe薄膜呈现富Te现象。掺Cu后Te氧化明显，以ZnTe形式存在的Te明显减少；ZnTe：Cu薄膜中Zn的含量在退火前后变化明显，退火前，Zn主要以ZnTe形式存在，退火后Zn原子向表面扩散，使表面成分更加均匀，谱峰变宽；退火时，部分Cu原子进入晶格形成CuxTe相，引起载流子浓度变化，导致ZnTe：Cu多晶薄膜的电导温度关系异常。     

马钱子碱与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

应用荧光光谱和紫外光谱法研究了马钱子碱与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的结合反应,求得它们之间的结合常数K_A和结合位点数n分别为K_A=6.3×103,n=0.94(27 ℃);K_A=7.7×103,n=0.97(37 ℃)。根据Frster非辐射能量转移理论求出了马钱子碱与BSA之间的结合距离为3.99 nm(27 ℃)和4.21 nm(37 ℃)。探讨了马钱子碱的荧光猝灭机理,结果表明马钱子碱能够插入BSA内部形成基态复合物导致内源荧光猝灭,猝灭机理主要是静态猝灭和非辐射能量转移。根据热力学参数确定马钱子碱与BSA之间的作用力类型主要为疏水性相互作用。     

机器视觉在激光干涉测量d31中的应用

提出一种应用机器视觉技术的激光干涉法, 可以研究压电材料的逆压电系数. 在传统干涉测量法中引入机器视觉实现干涉图像灰度最佳估计, 使用数字图像处理技术, 一方面应用降噪算法有效去除激光干涉图样中的噪声, 从而确定激光干涉场的光强分布, 另一方面将干涉图样的明暗变化进一步转化为可量度的灰度变化以提高测量分辨力. 通过合理设计算法, 该方法中对位移的理论测量分辨力可以提高达一个数量级, 为干涉光波长的1/1024, 因此在逆压电系数d₃₁ 的实验测量中可以有效提高分辨力. 关键词： 机器视觉 逆压电系数 双光束干涉 数字图像处理     

{Cu3}单分子磁体在磁场中的热纠缠

本文研究单分子磁体Na₉[Cu₃Na₃(H₂O)₉ (α-AsW₉O₃₃)₂]·26H₂O中三角自旋 环在磁场作用下的热纠缠性质, 利用数值计算求出任意两个Cu²⁺离子量子比特之间的配对纠缠度, 分别记为C₁₂, C₂₃和C₁₃. 研究结果表明, 磁场的方向和大小以及温度对配对纠缠度具有重要影响, 而且参数的变化对C₁₂, C₂₃和C₁₃的影响也是各不相同. 给出外加三个不同方向的磁场时, 配对纠缠度C₁₂, C₂₃和C₁₃各自对应的临界温度T_c随磁场强度的变化图, 由此可以得到单分子磁体三角自旋环中存在纠缠态的参数范围. 通过选择适当的磁场方向和大小以及温度等实验参数, 可以有效地调节和提高单分子磁体中的配对纠缠度. 关键词： 配对纠缠 单分子磁体 三角自旋环     

雷诺校正法在煤发热量测定中的应用

介绍雷诺校正法计算煤发热量的原理、算法及应用.方法应用于燃煤发热量计算,结果表明,用雷诺校正法处理煤发热量测定时,其结果优于瑞方公式法和奔特公式法,与国标法相比,分析误差在规定范围内.在文中列出了雷诺校正法处理煤发热量的实用Matlab源程序.     

因果图法在仪器分析中的应用

通过分析影响仪器分析质量的5M1E因素,即操作者（Man）,仪器设备（Machine）,分析方法（Method）,分析材料（Material）,管理（Management）,环境（Environment）以及管理（management）,提出建立仪器分析的因果关系图的一般方法,并以原子吸收光谱分析中分析质量的因果关系为例,提出了提高仪器分析质量,减少分析误差的可行性控制措施.分别对因果关系图的绘制,应用和注意问题以及6大因素在仪器分析中的特点及防误措施作了介绍.